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最新推荐文章于 2021-05-01 10:40:27 发布

Sinde1992

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-01 10:40:27 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Sinde1992/article/details/77885783

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1.select语句完整语法：

select 目标表的列名或列表达式序列

from 基本表名和（或）视图序列

[where 行条件表达式]

[group by 列名序列]分组

[having 组条件表达式]

[order by 列名[asc | desc]]默认升序

2.left join是以A表的记录为基础的,A可以看成左表,B可以看成右表,left join是以左表为准的.
换句话说,左表(A)的记录将会全部表示出来,而右表(B)只会显示符合搜索条件的记录(例子中为: A.aID = B.bID).
B表记录不足的地方均为NULL.

3.right join 仔细观察一下,就会发现,和left join的结果刚好相反,这次是以右表(B)为基础的,A表不足的地方用NULL填充

4.inner join并不以谁为基础,它只显示符合条件的记录，不符合的删除

http://m.blog.csdn.net/zhangtianhui0205/article/details/74922635

员工表

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

部门经理表

CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));

薪水表

CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

部门员工表

CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));

title表

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "titles" (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`title` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date DEFAULT NULL);

部门表

CREATE TABLE `departments` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`dept_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`dept_no`));

操作

1.查看最早晚职的员工信息

select * from employees order by hire_date desc limit 0,1 /*limit m,n m 表示从m+1 开始取n个数，降序排列后取第一个数*/



/*查找入职员工时间排名倒数第三的员工所有信息*/
select * from employees order by hire_date desc limit 2,1;

/*查找各个部门当前(to_date='9999-01-01')领导当前薪水详情以及其对应部门编号dept_no*/
select s.*, d.dept_no from salaries s,dept_manager d 
where s.to_date = '9999-01-01' and d.to_date = '9999-01-01'and s.emp_no = d.emp_no;

/*查找所有已经分配部门的员工的last_name和first_name*/
select e.last_name,e.first_name,d.dept_no from employees e,dept_emp d where e.emp_no = d.emp_no;

/*查找所有员工的last_name和first_name以及对应部门编号dept_no，也包括展示没有分配具体部门的员工*/
select e.last_name,e.first_name,d.dept_no from employees e left join dept_emp d on e.emp_no = d.emp_no;

/*查找所有员工入职时候的薪水情况，给出emp_no以及salary， 并按照emp_no进行逆序*/
select e.emp_no,s.salary from employees as e , salaries as s  
where s.emp_no=e.emp_no and s.from_date=e.hire_date 
order by s.emp_no desc;

/*查找薪水涨幅超过15次的员工号emp_no以及其对应的涨幅次数t*/
select emp_no,count(*) t from salaries group by emp_no having t > 15;

/*找出所有员工当前(to_date='9999-01-01')具体的薪水salary情况，对于相同的薪水只显示一次,并按照逆序显示*/
select salary from salaries where to_date = '9999-01-01'
group by salary order by salary desc;

/*获取所有部门当前manager的当前薪水情况，给出dept_no, emp_no以及salary，当前表示to_date='9999-01-01'*/
select d.dept_no,d.emp_no,s.salary from  salaries as s, dept_manager as d
where d.emp_no = s.emp_no and d.to_date = '9999-01-01' and s.to_date = '9999-01-01';

/*获取所有非manager的员工emp_no*/
select emp_no from employees where emp_no not in (select emp_no from dept_manager);

/*获取所有员工当前的manager，如果当前的manager是自己的话结果不显示，当前表示to_date='9999-01-01'。
结果第一列给出当前员工的emp_no,第二列给出其manager对应的manager_no。*/
select de.emp_no,dm.emp_no from dept_emp de, dept_manager dm
where de.dept_no = dm.dept_no
and de.emp_no not in (select emp_no from dept_manager)
and de.to_date = '9999-01-01'
and dm.to_date = '9999-01-01';

/*获取所有部门中当前员工薪水最高的相关信息，给出dept_no, emp_no以及其对应的salary*/
SELECT d.dept_no, d.emp_no, MAX(s.salary) AS salary FROM salaries AS s, dept_emp AS d
WHERE s.emp_no = d.emp_no AND d.to_date = '9999-01-01' AND s.to_date = '9999-01-01'
GROUP BY d.dept_no

/*从titles表获取按照title进行分组，每组个数大于等于2，给出title以及对应的数目t。*/
select title,count(*) t from titles group by title having t >= 2;

/*从titles表获取按照title进行分组，每组个数大于等于2，给出title以及对应的数目t。
注意对于重复的emp_no进行忽略。*/
select title, count(distinct emp_no) t from titles 
group by title having t >= 2;

/*查找employees表所有emp_no为奇数，且last_name不为Mary的员工信息，并按照hire_date逆序排列*/
select * from employees where last_name != 'Mary' and round(emp_no / 2.0) != emp_no / 2.0
order by hire_date desc;

/*统计出当前各个title类型对应的员工当前薪水对应的平均工资。结果给出title以及平均工资avg。*/
select t.title, avg(s.salary) from salaries s, titles t
where t.to_date = '9999-01-01' and s.to_date = '9999-01-01' and t.emp_no = s.emp_no
group by t.title;

/*获取当前（to_date='9999-01-01'）薪水第二多的员工的emp_no以及其对应的薪水salary*/
select emp_no, salary from salaries where to_date = '9999-01-01' order by salary desc limit 1,1;

/*查找当前薪水(to_date='9999-01-01')排名第二多的员工编号emp_no、薪水salary、last_name以及first_name，不准使用order by*/
select e.emp_no, MAX(s.salary), e.last_name, e.first_name from employees e, salaries s
where s.salary < (select MAX(salary) from salaries) and e.emp_no = s.emp_no;

/*查找所有员工的last_name和first_name以及对应的dept_name，也包括暂时没有分配部门的员工*/
select e.last_name, e.first_name,d.dept_name 
from employees e left join dept_emp de on e.emp_no = de.emp_no 
left join departments d on de.dept_no = d.dept_no;

/*查找员工编号emp_now为10001其自入职以来的薪水salary涨幅值growth*/
select (MAX(salary) - MIN(salary))growth from salaries where emp_no = 10001;

/*查找所有员工自入职以来的薪水涨幅情况，给出员工编号emp_noy以及其对应的薪水涨幅growth，并按照growth进行升序*/
select t1.emp_no,t1.salary-t2.salary as growth
from (select s.emp_no,salary from salaries as s,employees as e where s.emp_no=e.emp_no and s.to_date='9999-01-01')as t1,
      (select s.emp_no,salary from salaries s,employees as e where s.emp_no=e.emp_no and s.from_date=e.hire_date)as t2
where t1.emp_no=t2.emp_no order by growth;

/*统计各个部门对应员工涨幅的次数总和，给出部门编码dept_no、部门名称dept_name以及次数sum*/
select d.dept_no,d.dept_name, sum 
from departments as d, (select dept_no,sum(t)as sum from dept_emp as de,
    (select emp_no,count(*) as t from salaries group by emp_no)as e where e.emp_no = de.emp_no group by dept_no) as t1
where d.dept_no = t1.dept_no;

/*对所有员工的当前(to_date='9999-01-01')薪水按照salary进行按照1-N的排名，相同salary并列且按照emp_no升序排列*/
select s1.emp_no,s1.salary,count(distinct s2.salary) rank
from salaries s1, salaries s2 
where s1.salary <= s2.salary and s1.to_date = '9999-01-01' and s2.to_date = '9999-01-01'
group by s1.emp_no order by rank;

/*获取所有非manager员工当前的薪水情况，给出dept_no、emp_no以及salary ，当前表示to_date='9999-01-01'*/
select d.dept_no, e.emp_no, s.salary
from employees e, dept_emp d, salaries s
where e.emp_no not in (select emp_no from dept_manager where to_date = '9999-01-01')
and s.emp_no = e.emp_no
and e.emp_no = d.emp_no
and d.to_date = '9999-01-01'
and s.to_date = '9999-01-01';

/*获取员工其当前的薪水比其manager当前薪水还高的相关信息，当前表示to_date='9999-01-01',
结果第一列给出员工的emp_no，第二列给出其manager的manager_no，第三列给出该员工当前的薪水emp_salary,第四列给该员工对应的manager当前的薪水manager_salary*/
select t1.emp_no, t2.emp_no,t1.salary as s1,t2.salary as s2
from
(
    select salary,s.emp_no,dept_no
    from salaries as s join dept_emp de on s.emp_no=de.emp_no
    where s.to_date='9999-01-01' and de.to_date='9999-01-01' and
    s.emp_no not in (select emp_no from dept_manager dm)
) as t1,
(
    select salary,s.emp_no,dept_no
    from salaries as s join dept_manager dm on s.emp_no=dm.emp_no
    where s.to_date='9999-01-01'
    and dm.to_date='9999-01-01'
) as t2
where s1>s2
and t1.dept_no = t2.dept_no

/*汇总各个部门当前员工的title类型的分配数目，结果给出部门编号dept_no、dept_name、其当前员工所有的title以及该类型title对应的数目count*/
select d.dept_no, d.dept_name, t.title, count(t.title) as count
from departments d, dept_emp de, titles t
where d.dept_np = de.dept_no and de.emp_no = t.emp_no and de.to_date = '9999-01-01' 
and t.to_date = '9999-01-01'
group by d.dept_no, t.title;

/*给出每个员工每年薪水涨幅超过5000的员工编号emp_no、薪水变更开始日期from_date以及薪水涨幅值salary_growth，并按照salary_growth逆序排列。
提示：在sqlite中获取datetime时间对应的年份函数为strftime('%Y', to_date)*/
SELECT s.emp_no, s.from_date, s.salary-s1.salary AS salary_growth
FROM salaries AS s, salaries AS s1
WHERE (strftime('%Y', s.to_date) - strftime('%Y', s1.to_date)) = 1
AND s.emp_no = s1.emp_no
AND salary_growth > 5000
ORDER BY salary_growth DESC