JPA(二)：JPA 实体映射关系

映射关系思维导图

清晰思维导图分享地址为：JPA思维导图

1.单向一对一映射

一个实体A与另一个实体B之间存在关系，通过A可以获得B，通过B不能获得A。

1.1.数据库

CREATE TABLE `user` (
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
    `password` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
   ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `article` (
    `articleId` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `articleName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
    `articleContent` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (`articleId`)
   ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

1.2.实体类

添加文章类和用户类

Article类

@Entity
@Table(name = "article")
public class Article  {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    @Column(name = "articleId")
    private int article;
    @Column
    private String articleName;
    @Column
    private String articleContent;

     //省略getter和setter
}

User类

@Entity
//指定表名，指定唯一约束
@Table(name = "user",uniqueConstraints = {@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"id","name"})})
public class User {
    @Id//指定主键
    @GeneratedValue
    private int id;
    @Column
    private String name;
    @Column
    private String password;

    //一对一映射
    @OneToOne(optional = true, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumn(name = "articleId", unique = true)
    public Article article;
   
//省略getter和setter
}

@JoinColumn(name = "articleId", unique = true)，articleId是所对应的外键。

1.3.测试

@Test
    public void testOneToOneRelevance(){
        EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("MyJPA");
        EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        em.getTransaction().begin();
        User user  = new User();
        user.setName("hz");
        Article article = new Article();
        article.setAricleName("yx");
        user.setArticle(article);
        em.persist(user);
        em.getTransaction().commit();
        em.close();
        entityManagerFactory.close();
    }

2.单向一对多关系中间表方式实现

2.1.数据库

CREATE TABLE `author` (
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `authorName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
   ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `book` (
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `bookName` varchar(255) DEFA