SpringMVC配置简单的异常处理器

一、配置前端控制器及过滤器

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         version="3.0">

    <!--配置中文乱码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <!--指定编码方式-->
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <!--解决请求和响应乱码setCharacterEncoding-->
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!--配置前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!--加载类路径下的配置文件-->
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

二、自定义异常类

/**
 * 自定义异常类
 * @author Summerday
 */
public class MyException extends Exception{
    public MyException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

三、自定义异常处理器

/**
 * 自定义异常处理器
 * @author Summerday
 */
public class MyExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    /**
     * 处理异常业务逻辑
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler
     * @param ex
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
        //获取异常对象
        MyException e = null;
        if(ex instanceof MyException){
            e = (MyException) ex;
        }else{
            e = new MyException("系统正在维护!");
        }
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("errorMsg",e.getMessage());
        //设置友好页面
        mv.setViewName("error");
        return mv;
    }
}

四、配置Springmvc.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.smday"/>

    <!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!-- 配置异常处理器 -->
    <bean id="myExceptionResolver" class="com.smday.exception.MyExceptionResolver"/>
    <!--放行静态资源-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

</beans>

五、定义Controller

/**
 * @author Summerday
 */

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/testException")
    public String testException() throws Exception{
        System.out.println("UserController.testException");
        //模拟异常
        try {
            int a = 10/0;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            //抛出自定义异常信息
            throw new MyException("查询所有用户出现错误!");
        }
        return "success";
    }
}

六、定义友好提示页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        ${errorMsg}
    </body>
</html>

七、前端超链接测试

 <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/testException">异常处理</a>

将会发现后端抛出异常，前端跳转到/WEB-INF/pages/error.jsp用户友好提示页面。