题意:给你一个圆括号的序列,允许你颠倒一些括号的方向, 一次操作只能改变一个括号,让你求出使得序列平衡的最少操作数。
方法:贪心。
从左向右数,统计两种括号的数量,如果‘)'的数量大于'('的数量,就把当前这个')'变成'(';
再从右向左,进行相似的程序,如果‘('的数量大于')'的数量,就把当前这个'('变成')'。
Code:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <bitset>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <set>
#include <list>
#include <deque>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <fstream>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <sstream>
#include <time.h>
#include <complex>
#define Max(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))
#define Min(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
#define FOR(a,b,c) for (int (a)=(b);(a)<(c);++(a))
#define FORN(a,b,c) for (int (a)=(b);(a)<=(c);++(a))
#define DFOR(a,b,c) for (int (a)=(b);(a)>=(c);--(a))
#define FORSQ(a,b,c) for (int (a)=(b);(a)*(a)<=(c);++(a))
#define FORC(a,b,c) for (char (a)=(b);(a)<=(c);++(a))
#define FOREACH(a,b) for (auto &(a) : (b))
#define rep(i,n) FOR(i,0,n)
#define repn(i,n) FORN(i,1,n)
#define drep(i,n) DFOR(i,n-1,0)
#define drepn(i,n) DFOR(i,n,1)
#define MAX(a,b) a = Max(a,b)
#define MIN(a,b) a = Min(a,b)
#define SQR(x) ((LL)(x) * (x))
#define Reset(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define all(v) v.begin(),v.end()
#define ALLA(arr,sz) arr,arr+sz
#define SIZE(v) (int)v.size()
#define SORT(v) sort(all(v))
#define REVERSE(v) reverse(ALL(v))
#define SORTA(arr,sz) sort(ALLA(arr,sz))
#define REVERSEA(arr,sz) reverse(ALLA(arr,sz))
#define PERMUTE next_permutation
#define TC(t) while(t--)
#define forever for(;;)
#define PINF 1000000000000
#define newline '\n'
#define test if(1)cout
using namespace std;
using namespace std;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vi> vvi;
typedef pair<int,int> ii;
typedef pair<double,double> dd;
typedef pair<char,char> cc;
typedef vector<ii> vii;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<ll, ll> l4;
const double pi = acos(-1.0);
int main()
{
int T; cin >> T;
repn(kase, T)
{
int n; string str; cin >> n >> str;
int ans = 0;
int cnt[2] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
if (str[i] == '(') cnt[0] += 1;
else cnt[1] += 1;
if (cnt[0] < cnt[1])
{
str[i] = '(';
ans += 1;
cnt[0] += 1;
cnt[1] -= 1;
}
}
Reset(cnt, 0);
for (int i = n-1; i >= 0; --i)
{
if (str[i] == '(') cnt[0] += 1;
else cnt[1] += 1;
if (cnt[0] > cnt[1])
{
str[i] = ')';
ans += 1;
cnt[0] -= 1;
cnt[1] += 1;
}
}
cout << ans << newline;
//cerr << str << newline;
}
}