Servlet基础编程

编写Servlet

建立Servlet

这个类继承javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

public class WelcomeServlet extends HttpServlet {

}

重写HttpServlet的doGet()方法

package xxx.xxx.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

//WelcomeServlet.java
public class WelcomeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=GB18030");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("欢迎来到本系统!");
    }
}

配置Servlet

<servlet>
    <!-- servlet-name必须一样 -->
    <servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>xxx.xxx.servlets.WelcomeServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>
  <!-- url-pattern可以自己改，不一定一样 -->
  <url-pattern>/servlets/WelcomeServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

配置好的web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>Servlet_1000</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

  <servlet>
    <!-- servlet-name必须一样 -->
    <servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>xxx.xxx.servlets.WelcomeServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>
    <!-- url-pattern可以自己改，不一定一样 -->
    <url-pattern>/servlets/WelcomeServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

部署Servlet

测试Servlet

Servlet运行机制

将WelcomeServlet.java改为如下：

public class WelcomeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    public WelcomeServlet() {
        System.out.println("创建对象!");
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("调用doGet()函数!");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=GB18030");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("欢迎来到本系统!");
    }
}

重新部署项目，第一次访问WelcomeServlet，系统实例化WelcomeServlet对象，控制台打印如下：

第二次访问WelcomeServlet，控制台打印如下：

解释：第一次访问运行了构造函数和doGet()函数，第二次访问只运行了doGet()函数。
结论：两次访问只创建了一个Servlet对象。

---

Servlet生命周期

1. init()：实例化Servlet。
2. doGet()/doPost()/service()方法：客户端对Servlet发送一个请求过来，服务器将会开启一个线程，该线程用service()方法，service()方法会根据收到的客户端的请求类型来决定是调用doGet()还是doPost()。但是一般情况下不用覆盖service()方法，使用doGet()与doPost()方法，一样可以达到处理的目的。
3. destroy()方法：Servlet消亡。

---

Servlet与JSP内置对象

1. 获得out对象：

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=GB18030");//设置中文编码
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

1. 获得request和response对象：request参数就是request对象，response参数就是response对象。
2. 获得session对象：

HttpSession session = request.getSession();

1. 获得application对象：

ServletContext application = this.getServletContext();

---

设置欢迎页面

<welcome-file-list>
   <!-- 所要设置的欢迎页面 -->
   <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
   <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

---

在Servlet中读取参数

设置参数

配置好的web.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>Servlet_1000</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

  <!-- 设置全局参数 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>encoding</param-name>
    <param-value>GB18030</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>InitServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>xxx.xxx.servlets.InitServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 设置局部参数 -->
    <init-param>
        <param-name>driverClassName</param-name>
        <param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>InitServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlets/InitServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <!-- servlet-name必须一样 -->
    <servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>xxx.xxx.servlets.WelcomeServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>
    <!-- url-pattern可以自己改，不一定一样 -->
    <url-pattern>/servlets/WelcomeServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

获取参数

InitServlet.java：

package xxx.xxx.servlets;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class InitServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        //获取全局参数
        ServletContext application = this.getServletContext();
        String encoding = application.getInitParameter("encoding");
        System.out.println("encoding参数是："+encoding);
        //获取局部参数
        String driverClassName = this.getInitParameter("driverClassName");
        System.out.println("driverClassName参数是："+driverClassName);
    }
}