《Spring实战》学习笔记（二）JavaConfig @Import 和 @ImportResource注解的使用

最近在看《spring in Action 4th》,讲到JavaConfig的@Import和@ImportResource的使用，于是照着例子做了个小demo，加深自己的印象。在Spring中配置有xml和JavaConfig的配置方式，相比来说，使用JavaConfig的方式配置会更利于管理，类型安全。

demo项目结构(Maven约定)：

├── pom.xml
└── src
    ├── main
    │   ├── java
    │   │   └── com
    │   │       └── jiaobuchong
    │   │           ├── config
    │   │           │   ├── CDConfig.java
    │   │           │   ├── CDPlayerConfig.java
    │   │           │   └── SoundSystemConfig.java
    │   │           ├── dao
    │   │           │   └── CompactDisc.java
    │   │           └── soundsystem
    │   │               ├── BlankDisc.java
    │   │               ├── CDPlayer.java
    │   │               └── SgtPeppers.java
    │   └── resources
    │       └── cons-injec.xml
    └── test
        └── java
            └── com
                └── jiaobuchong
                    ├── soundsystem
                        ├── CDPlayerTest.java
                        ├── CDPlayerTest1.java
                        └── CDPlayerTest2.java
   
   
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config包下的三个配置类

CDConfig.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.config;

import com.jiaobuchong.dao.CompactDisc;
import com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem.SgtPeppers;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class CDConfig {
    @Bean   // 将SgtPeppers注册为 SpringContext中的bean
    public CompactDisc compactDisc() {
        return new SgtPeppers();  // CompactDisc类型的
    }
}
   
   
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CDPlayerConfig.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.config;

import com.jiaobuchong.dao.CompactDisc;
import com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem.CDPlayer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;

@Configuration
@Import(CDConfig.class)  //导入CDConfig的配置
public class CDPlayerConfig {
    @Bean(name = "cDPlayer")
    public CDPlayer cdPlayer(CompactDisc compactDisc) {  
    /*这里会注入CompactDisc类型的bean
     这里注入的这个bean是CDConfig.class中的CompactDisc类型的那个bean*/
        return new CDPlayer(compactDisc);
    }

}
   
   
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SoundSystemConfig.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

@Configuration
@Import(CDPlayerConfig.class)  
@ImportResource("classpath:cons-injec.xml") //导入xml配置项
public class SoundSystemConfig {

}

   
   
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@Configuration注解表示定义一个配置类，
这里使用注解@Bean就好比如xml配置时的<bean>元素，如：

<bean id="cdPlayer" class="com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem.CDPlayer">
       <property name="cd" ref="compactDisc" />
</bean>
   
   
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@ImportResource类似于xml配置时的：

<import resource="cons-injecxml" />
   
   
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dao包下的一个接口：

CompactDisc.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.dao;

public interface CompactDisc {
    void play();
}

   
   
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soundsystem包下的类：

BlankDisc.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem;

import com.jiaobuchong.dao.CompactDisc;

import java.util.List;

public class BlankDisc implements CompactDisc {
    private String title;
    private String artist;
    private List<String> tracks;

    public BlankDisc(String title, String artist, List<String> tracks) {
        this.title = title;
        this.artist = artist;
        this.tracks = tracks;
    }

    public void play() {
        System.out.println("Playing " + title + " by " + artist);
        for (String track : tracks) {
            System.out.println("-Track: " + track);
        }
    }
}
   
   
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CDPlayer.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem;

import com.jiaobuchong.dao.CompactDisc;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class CDPlayer implements CompactDisc {
    private CompactDisc cd;

    @Autowired   //构造函数注入
    public CDPlayer(CompactDisc cd) {
        this.cd = cd;
    }

    public void play() {
        cd.play();
    }
}

   
   
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SgtPeppers.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem;

import com.jiaobuchong.dao.CompactDisc;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

public class SgtPeppers implements CompactDisc {
    private String title = "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band";
    private String artist = "The Beatles";
    public void play() {
        System.out.println("Playing " + title + " by " + artist);
    }
}
   
   
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xml配置文件

cons-injec.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       ">
       <bean id="compactDisc"
             class="com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem.BlankDisc"
             c:_0="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"
             c:_1="The Beatles">
              <constructor-arg>
                     <list>
                            <value>Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</value>
                            <value>With a Little Help from My Friends</value>
                            <value>Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds</value>
                            <value>Getting Better</value>
                            <value>Fixing a Hole</value>
                            <!-- ...other tracks omitted for brevity... -->
                     </list>
              </constructor-arg>
       </bean>
</beans>
   
   
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测试类

CDPlayerTest.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem;

import com.jiaobuchong.config.CDConfig;
import com.jiaobuchong.config.CDPlayerConfig;
import com.jiaobuchong.dao.CompactDisc;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/*
CDPlayerTest takes advantage of Spring’s SpringJUnit4ClassRunner to have a Spring application
context automatically created when the test starts. And the @Context-Configuration annotation
tells it to load its configuration from the CDPlayerConfig class.
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = CDConfig.class)
public class CDPlayerTest {
    @Autowired
    private CompactDisc cd;

    @Test
    public void cdShouldNotBeNull() {
//        assertNotNull(cd);
        cd.play();
    }
}

   
   
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CDPlayerTest1.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem;

import com.jiaobuchong.config.CDConfig;
import com.jiaobuchong.config.CDPlayerConfig;
import com.jiaobuchong.dao.CompactDisc;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = CDPlayerConfig.class)
public class CDPlayerTest1 {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("cDPlayer")
    private CompactDisc cd;

    @Test
    public void cdShouldNotBeNull() {
//        assertNotNull(cd);
        cd.play();
    }

}

   
   
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CDPlayerTest2.java：

package com.jiaobuchong.soundsystem;

import com.jiaobuchong.config.CDPlayerConfig;
import com.jiaobuchong.config.SoundSystemConfig;
import com.jiaobuchong.dao.CompactDisc;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SoundSystemConfig.class)
public class CDPlayerTest2 {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("cDPlayer")
    private CompactDisc cd;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("compactDisc")
    private CompactDisc cd1;

    @Test
    public void cdShouldNotBeNull() {
//        assertNotNull(cd);
        cd.play();
    }

    @Test
    public void testBlankDisc() {
        cd1.play();
    }
}

   
   
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看完这个demo代码，基本上@Import和ImportResource的意义应该也就明白了，更多细节请参考《Spring in Action 4th》。