数据结构之单链表

单链表属于线性表的一种,不过与顺序表相比,线性单链表没有空间的限制,往往可以无限开辟空间并使用(除非内存不足)。但正是因为如此,在进行链表的插入、删除、等操作时,也比顺序结构的链表更为复杂,效率也不及顺序表,即时间复杂度高。

链表的节点结构如图:

链表结构:


以下是代码:

头文件List.h

#ifndef _LIST_H
#define _LIST_H

#include<iostream>
#include<assert.h>
using namespace std;

#define ElemType int

typedef struct Node
{
	ElemType data;
	struct Node *next;
}Node, *PNode;

typedef struct List
{
	PNode first;
	PNode last;
	size_t size;
}List;

//
void InitList(List *list);
bool push_back(List *list, ElemType x);
bool push_front(List *list, ElemType x);
bool pop_back(List *list);
bool pop_front(List *list);
Node* Find(List *list, ElemType key);
bool delete_val(List *list, ElemType key);
void ShowList(List *list);
void clear(List *list);
void destroy(List *list);
bool resver(List *list);
bool insert_val(List *list,ElemType key);
ElemType getvalue(List *list,int x);
bool modify(List *list,ElemType item,ElemType nitem);
bool sort(List *list);
int length(List *list);
ElemType next(List *list,ElemType key);
ElemType prio(List *list,ElemType key);
#endif

各种函数实现List.cpp:

#include"List.h"

void InitList(List *list)
{
	Node *s = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	assert(s != NULL);
	s->next = NULL;

	list->first = list->last = s;
	list->size = 0;
}

bool push_back(List *list, ElemType x)
{
	Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	if(s == NULL)
		return false;
	s->data = x;
	s->next = NULL;

	list->last->next = s;
	list->last = s;

	list->size++;
	return true;
}

bool push_front(List *list, ElemType x)
{
	Node *s = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	if(s == NULL)
		return false;
	s->data = x;
	s->next = list->first->next;
	list->first->next = s;
	if(list->size == 0)
	{
		list->last = s;
	}
	list->size++;
	return true;
}

void ShowList(List *list)
{
	Node *p = list->first->next;
	while(p != NULL)
	{
		cout<<p->data<<"-->";
		p = p->next;
	}
	cout<<"Nul"<<endl;
}

bool pop_back(List *list)
{
	if(list->size == 0)
		return false;
	Node *pre = list->first;
	while(pre->next != list->last)
		pre = pre->next;

	pre->next = NULL;
	free(list->last);
	list->last = pre;
	list->size--;
	return true;
}

bool pop_front(List *list)
{
	if(list->size == 0)
		return false;
	Node *p = list->first->next;
	if(list->size == 1)
	{
		free(p);
		list->first->next = NULL;
		list->last = list->first;
	}
	else
	{
		list->first->next = p->next;
		free(p);
	}
	list->size--;
	return true;
}

Node* Find(List *list, ElemType key)//若找到,返回该节点前一节点的地址
{
	Node *p = list->first;
	while(p->next->next!=NULL && p->next->data!=key)
		p = p->next;
	if (p->next==list->last&&p->next->data!=key)
	{
		return NULL;
	}
	return p;
}

bool delete_val(List *list, ElemType key)
{
	Node *p = Find(list,key);
	if(p == NULL)
	{
		cout<<"该值不存在!"<<endl;
		return false;
	}
	Node *s=p->next;
	p->next=s->next;
	free(s);
	return true;


}

void clear(List *list)
{
	Node *p = list->first->next;
	while(p != NULL)
	{
		list->first->next = p->next;
		free(p);
		p = list->first->next;
	}
	list->last = list->first;
	list->size = 0;
}

void destroy(List *list)
{
	clear(list);
	free(list->first);
	list->first = list->last = NULL;
}

bool insert_val(List *list,ElemType key)
{
	Node *s=(Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	if (s==NULL)
	{
		return false;
	}
	s->data=key;
	if (list->size==0)
	{
		list->first->next=s;
		list->last->next=s;
		s->next=NULL;
	}
	else
	{
		Node *p=list->first;
		while (p->next!=NULL&&p->next->data<key)
		{
			p=p->next;
		}
		s->next=p->next;
		p->next=s;
	
	}
	list->size++;
	return true;
}

ElemType getvalue(List *list,int x)
{
	if (list->size==0||x<1||x>list->size)
	{
		return -1;
	}
	Node *p=list->first;
	for (int i=0;i<x;i++)
	{
		p=p->next;
	}
	return p->data;
}


bool modify(List *list,ElemType item,ElemType nitem)			//如何精简?
{
	if (list->size==0)
	{
		return false;
	}
	Node *p=list->first;
	Node *s=(Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	s->data=nitem;
	if (p->next->data==item)
	{
		s->next=p->next->next;
		free(p->next);
		p->next=s;
	}
	while (p->next->next!=NULL&&p->next->data!=item)
	{
		p=p->next;
	}
	if (p->next==list->last)
	{
		if (p->next->data==item)
		{
			s->next=NULL;
			free(p->next);
			p->next=s;
			list->last=s;
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}
	s->next=p->next->next;
	free(p->next);
	p->next=s;
	return true;

/*
	if (list->size==0)	//应用改变指针的方法来修改
	{
		return false;
	}
	Node *p=list->first;
	while (p->next!=NULL&&p->data!=item)
	{
		p=p->next;
	}
	if (p==list->last)
	{
		if (p->data==item)
		{
			p->data=nitem;
		}
		return false;
	}
	p->data=nitem;
	return true;*/
}



bool sort(List *list)
{
	if (list->size==0||list->size==1)
	{
		return false;
	}
	Node *p=list->first;
	for (;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next)
	{
		for (Node *q=p->next;q->next!=NULL;)
		{
			if (p->next->data>q->next->data)
			{
				Node *ptmp=q->next;
				q->next=ptmp->next;
				ptmp->next=q;
				p->next=ptmp;
				
			/*
				ElemType tmp=p->next->data;
				p->next->data=p->next->next->data;
				p->next->next->data=tmp;*/
			}
		}
	}
	return true;
}




bool resver(List *list)
{
	if (list->size==0||list->size==1)
	{
		return false;
	}
	Node *fp=list->first->next;
	Node *p=fp->next;
	Node *lp=p->next;
	fp->next=	NULL;
	list->last->next=fp;
	if (lp!=NULL)
	{
		do 
		{
			p->next=fp;
			fp=p;
			p=lp;
			lp=lp->next;
		}while(p->next!=NULL);
		list->first->next=fp;
	}
	else
	{
		list->first->next=p;
		p->next=fp;
	}
	return true;
}



int length(List *list)
{
	return list->size;
}
ElemType next(List *list,ElemType key)
{
	if (list->size==0||list->size==1)
	{
		return -1;
	}
	Node *p=list->first;
	while (p->next!=NULL)
	{
		if (p->next->data==key&&p->next->next!=NULL)
		{
			p=p->next;
			return p->next->data;
		}
		p=p->next;
	}
	return -1;
}
ElemType prio(List *list,ElemType key)
{
	if (list->size==0||list->size==1)
	{
		return -1;
	}
	Node *p=list->first;
	if (p->next->data==key)
	{
		return -1;
	}
	while (p->next!=NULL)
	{
		if (p->next->data==key)
		{
			return p->data;
		}
		p=p->next;
	}
	return -1;
}
最后是主函数main.cpp:

#include"List.h"
//#include<vld.h>

void main()
{
	List mylist;
	InitList(&mylist);
	
	int select = 1;
	ElemType item,nitem;
	Node *p = NULL;
	int pos;
	while(select)
	{
		cout<<"**********************************"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [1] push_back   [2] push_front *"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [3] show_seqlist[0] quit_system*"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [4] pop_back    [5] pop_front  *"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [6] insert_pos  [7] insert_val *"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [8] delete_pos  [9] delete_val *"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [10] find       [11]getvalue   *"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [12] modify     [13]clear      *"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [14] destroy    [15]sort       *"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [16] resver     [17]length     *"<<endl;
		cout<<"* [18] next       [19]prio       *"<<endl;
		cout<<"**********************************"<<endl;
		cout<<"请选择:>";
		cin>>select;
		switch(select)
		{
		case 1:
			cout<<"请输入要插入的数据(-1结束):>";
			while(cin>>item,item!=-1)
			{
				push_back(&mylist,item);
			}
			break;
		case 2:
			cout<<"请输入要插入的数据(-1结束):>";
			while(cin>>item,item!=-1)
			{
				push_front(&mylist,item);
			}
			break;
		case 3:
			ShowList(&mylist);
			break;
		case 4:
			pop_back(&mylist);
			break;
		case 5:
			pop_front(&mylist);
			break;
		case 6:
			
			break;
		case 7:
			cout<<"请输入要插入的值:>";
			cin>>item;
			insert_val(&mylist,item);
			break;
		case 8:
			
			break;
		case 9:
			cout<<"请输入要删除的值:>";
			cin>>item;
			delete_val(&mylist,item);
			break;
		case 10:
			cout<<"请输入要查找的值:>";
			cin>>item;
			p = Find(&mylist,item);
			if (p!=NULL)
			{
				cout<<"该值是:"<<p->next->data<<endl;
			}
			else
			{
				cout<<"该值不存在!"<<endl;
			}
			break;
		case 11:
			cout<<"请输入要查找的值的序号:>";
			cin>>item;
			cout<<getvalue(&mylist,item)<<endl;
			break;
		case 12:///
			cout<<"请输入要修改的值:>";
			cin>>item;
			cout<<"请输入要新的值:>";
			cin>>nitem;
			modify(&mylist,item,nitem);
			break;
		case 13:
			clear(&mylist);
			break;
		case 14:
			destroy(&mylist);
			break;
		case 15:/ERROR!
			sort(&mylist);
			break;
		case 16:ERROR
			resver(&mylist);
			break;
		case 17:
			cout<<length(&mylist)<<endl;
			break;
		case 18:
			cout<<"请输入一个值:";
			cin>>item;
			cout<<next(&mylist,item)<<endl;
			break;
		case 19:
			cout<<"请输入一个值:";
			cin>>item;
			cout<<prio(&mylist,item)<<endl;
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	destroy(&mylist);
}



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