Spring入门（概念与基本测试）

1. Spring简介

1.1 Spring是什么？

Spring是一个开源框架，它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。

1.2 它能够做什么?

Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言，任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。

1.3 它的功能与目的 范围

目的：解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能：使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB，并提供了更多的企业应用功能
两大重要功能 IOC：控制反转 AOP：切面编程
范围：任何Java应用
重点：Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。

1.4 什么是控制反转 IOC？

这里解释上面的功能，控制反转(将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理)

控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC，用白话来讲，就是由容器控制程序之间的（依赖）关系，而非传统实现中，
由程序代码直接操控。这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在：(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器，控制权的转移，是所谓反转。
IoC还有一个另外的名字：“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)” ，即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中

2. Spring中包括的模块图

基于Spring Core(Spring是一个容器框架)

3.Spring初步使用

3.1 项目创建(Maven)

项目创建与配置详情请看Maven配置与环境搭建

3.2 添加项目依赖（pom.xml）

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.tanle</groupId>
  <artifactId>Spring</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>Spring Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
		<hibernate.version>5.2.12.Final</hibernate.version>
		<mysql.driver.version>5.1.44</mysql.driver.version>
		<spring.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<struts2.version>2.5.13</struts2.version>
		<slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
		<log4j.version>2.9.1</log4j.version>
		<disruptor.version>3.2.0</disruptor.version>
		<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
		<servlet.version>4.0.1</servlet.version>
		<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
		<standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version>
		<tomcat-jsp-api.version>8.5.20</tomcat-jsp-api.version>
	</properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!--1. hibernate相关依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!--2. spring相关(5.0.1.RELEASE) -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- aop -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
			<version>1.6.11</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
			<version>1.6.11</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>cglib</groupId>
			<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
			<version>2.1_3</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- end -->



		<!--3. struts2相关(2.5.13) -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
			<version>${struts2.version}</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
					<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
					<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
			<version>${struts2.version}</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
					<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
					<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
					<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
					<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>

		<!--4. log配置：Log4j2 + Slf4j -->
		<!-- slf4j核心包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!--用于与slf4j保持桥接 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
					<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>

		<!--核心log4j2jar包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!--web工程需要包含log4j-web，非web工程不需要 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-web</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!--需要使用log4j2的AsyncLogger需要包含disruptor -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.lmax</groupId>
			<artifactId>disruptor</artifactId>
			<version>${disruptor.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!--5. other -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>${junit.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>${servlet.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!--6. jstl -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>${jstl.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
			<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
			<version>${standard.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 7. jsp自定义标签依赖 (必须与tomcat的版本一致) -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
			<artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
			<version>${tomcat-jsp-api.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
    
    
  </dependencies>
  
  
  
  
  
  <build>
    <finalName>Spring</finalName>
    <plugins>
			<!--第一步就是配置maven-compiler-plugin插件 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.7.0</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.8</source>
					<target>1.8</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
  </build>
</project>

3.3 简单测试(Spring.xml配置解释)

Spring.xml(通过引用模块进行调用)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
		
	<import resource="/springa.xml"></import>
	<import resource="/springb.xml"></import>
</beans>

分包分模块
Springa.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
	<!--
		id：在容器中查找Bean的id(唯一、且不能以/开头)
		name：在容器中查找Bean的名字(唯一、允许以/开头、允许多个值，多个值之间用逗号或空格隔开)
		class：bean的完整类名
		scope:(singleton|prototype)默认是singleton
			1.singleton(单例模式)：在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义对应一个对象实例
			2.prototype(原型模式/多例模式)：一个bean定义对应多个对象实例
		parent：指定一个父bean(必须要有继承关系才行)
		abstract：将一个bean定义成抽象bean(抽象bean是不能实例化的),抽象类一定要定义成抽象bean,非抽象类也可以定义成抽象bean
		constructor-arg：使用有参数构造方法创建javaBean
			注1：必须提供有参的构造方法  
			注2：必须提供无参的构造方法
		init-method：指定bean的初始化方法
	 -->
	<bean id="demo1" name="d1" class="com.tanle.test.Demo1" scope="singleton">
		<property name="name">
			<value>oop</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 人类 -->
	<bean id="p1" class="com.tanle.entity.Person" scope="prototype" abstract="true">
		<property name="name">
			<value>p1</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 学生类 -->
	<bean id="s1" class="com.tanle.entity.Student" scope="singleton" parent="p1">
		<property name="sid">
			<value>s001</value>
		</property>
		<property name="addr">
			<!-- 引用一个bean -->
			<ref bean="address" />
		</property>
		<property name="list">
			<list>
				<value>1</value>
				<value>2</value>
				<value>3</value>
			</list>	
		</property>
		<property name="map">
			<map>
				<entry>
					<key>
						<value>zs</value>
					</key>
					<value>张三</value>
				</entry>
			</map>
		</property>
		
	</bean>
	<!-- 工人类 -->
	<bean id="w1" class="com.tanle.entity.Work" scope="singleton" parent="p1">
		<property name="wid">
			<value>w001</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="w2" class="com.tanle.entity.Work" scope="singleton" parent="p1" init-method="init">
		<constructor-arg index="0">
			<value>w0088</value>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
	
	
</beans>

概解

Springb.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">	
	<!-- 地址类 -->
	<bean id="address" class="com.tanle.entity.Address" scope="singleton">
		<property name="city">
			<value>长沙</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	
</beans>

Demo测试类

package com.tanle.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.tanle.entity.Person;
import com.tanle.entity.Student;
import com.tanle.entity.Work;

public class Demo1 {
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Demo1() {
		super();
		System.out.println("单例模式对象实例化");
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//传统new对象
		/*Demo1 demo1=new Demo1();
		demo1.setName("zs");
		System.out.println(demo1.getName());*/
		
		//读取spring配置文件
		//得到应用上下文
		ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring.xml");
		//根据name拿的值
		//Demo1 d1 = (Demo1) applicationContext.getBean("d1");
		//System.out.println(d1.getName());
		//根据id
		//Demo1 d2 = (Demo1) applicationContext.getBean("demo1");
		//System.out.println(d2.getName());
		
		//人类
		//Person p1=(Person) applicationContext.getBean("p1");
		//System.out.println(p1);
		//学生
		Student s1 = (Student) applicationContext.getBean("s1");
		System.out.println(s1);
		//工人
		/*Work w1 = (Work) applicationContext.getBean("w1");
		System.out.println(w1);*/
		
		Work w2 = (Work) applicationContext.getBean("w2");
		System.out.println(w2);
	}
	
	
}

测试结果

4. 总结

1.Spring是一个开源框架
2.Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
3.实例化对象与反射赋值都可以直接交给Spring（配置好xml文件）
4.最后谢谢观看！有不足欢迎指出！