Ansible中的任务执行控制

loop循环

• 简单循环：

loop:   ##赋值列表
  - value1
  - value2
  - ...

• 实例：
  1. vim test.yml 编辑playbook

  	---
  - name: test loop
    hosts: 172.25.254.100
    tasks:
  - name: touch file
    file:
      path: "/mnt/{{item.path}}"
      owner: "{{item.owner}}"
      state: touch
    loop:
      - path: westosfile
        owner: westos
      - path: rootfile
        owner: root
  

2. 测试结果
   

条件(when)

=	value == “字符串”,value == 数字
<	value < 数字
>	value > 数字
<=	value <= 数字
>=	value >= 数字
!=	value != 数字
is defined value	value is defined 变量存在
is not defined	value is not defined 变量不存在
bool变量 为true	value value的值为true
bool变量 false	not value value的值为false

                    |value in value2         value的值在value2列表中

格式：

when：
  条件1 and 条件2   ## 一行显示 表示同时满足条件1和条件2才可以执行
  - 条件1   ## 多行显示
  - 条件2

when:
  条件1 or 条件2  ## 一行显示

when: >
  条件1
  or
  条件2

• 示例

  1. vim test.yml 编辑playbook脚本

     ---
     - name: test when
       hosts: 172.25.254.100
       vars:
         westos:
           path: westosfile
           owner: westos
           rc: 0
       tasks:
         - name: touch file
           file:
             path: "/mnt/{{westos.path}}"
             owner: "{{westos.owner}}"
             state: touch
           when: westos.rc == 0 and westos.owner == "westos"
     

  2. 测试
     

  3. 表示 “或者” 的书写格式和测试结果
     

触发器(handlers)

格式：

notify:  ##触发器当遇到更改时触发handlers
  -  任务1
  -  任务2
handlers: ##触发器触发后执行的动作

处理失败任务

ignore_errors

作用： 当play遇到任务失败时会终止
ignoer_errors: yes 将会忽略任务失败，继续执行下面的任务
示例：

• 要求： 给受控主机安装httpd，并且修改端口为8080（默认yum源仓库已经配置完成）

• 步骤：

  1. vim test.yml 编辑playbook

     ---
     - name: test when
       hosts: all
       vars:
         http_port: 8080
       tasks:
         - name: check apache
           shell:
             rpm -q httpd
           ignore_errors: yes ##忽略shell模块的执行后的错误进程
           register: westos
         - name: dnf httpd
           dnf:
             name: httpd
             state: latest
           when: westos.rc == 1
         - name: configure apache file
           lineinfile:
             path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
             regexp: "^Listen"
             line: "Listen {{http_port}}"
           notify:
             - restart httpd
       handlers:
         - name: restart httpd
           service:
             name: httpd
             state: restarted
     

  2. 运行测试
     

force_handlers

作用：当任务失败后play被终止也会调用触发器进程
格式：
force_handlers: yes
示例：

---
- name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.254.100
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 80
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      notify: restart apache

    - name: install error
      dnf:
        name: westos
        state: latest

  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted
        enabled: yes

changed_when

作用：
控制任务在何时报告它已进行更改
格式：
changed_when:
示例：

---
- name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.254.100
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 8080
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      changed_when: true
      notify: restart apache


  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted
        enabled: yes

failed_when

作用：当符合条件时强制任务失败

示例：

---
- name: test
  hosts: 172.25.254.103
  tasks:
    - name: shell
      shell: echo hello
      register: westos
      failed_when: "'hello' in westos.stdout"

block

block: ##定义要运行的任务
rescue: ##定义当block句子中出现失败任务后运行的任务
always： ##定义最终独立运行的任务