ContentProvider学习笔记

一 理解

1.为什么要有ContentProvider?

1) 功能需求：一个应用需要访问另一个应用的数据库表数据

2) 实际情况：一个应用的数据库文件是应用私有的，其它应用不能直接访问

2.ContentProvider是什么？

1) ContentProvider是四大应用组件之一

2) 当前应用使用ContentProvider将数据库表数据操作暴露给其它应用访问

3) 其它应用需要使用ContentResolver来调用ContentProvider的方法

4) 它们之间的调用是通过Uri来进行交流的

二 相关API

1. ContentProvider: 内容提供者

public abstract boolean onCreate();  //provider对象创建后调用（应用安装成功或手机启动完成）

Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs); //查询表数据

Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values);  //插入表数据

int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs);  //删除表数据

int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs);  //更新表数据

2.ContentResolver: 内容提供者的解析类

context.getContentResolver();  //得到ContentResolver的对象

insert() delete() update() query() //调用provider进行数据库增删改查操作

registerContentObserver(Uri uri, boolean notify, ContentObserver observer);  //注册uri的监听

unregisterContentObserver(ContentObserver observer);  //解注册uri的监听

notifyChange(Uri uri, ContentObserver observer)  //通知监听器

3. Uri: 包含一个具有一定格式字符串所对应资源的类

Uri static parse(String uriString);  //得到其对象

4. UriMatcher: 用来识别uri的一个uri容器

void addURI(String authority, String path, int code);  //添加一个合法的URI

int match(Uri uri);  //匹配指定的uri， 返回匹配码

5.ContentUris: 操作uri的工具类

long parseId(Uri contentUri);  //解析uri，得到其中的id

Uri withAppendedId(Uri contentUri, long id);  //添加id到指定的uri中

三 自定义ContentProvider

1. 编写ContentProvider子类

class StudentContentProvider extends ContentProvider{
    //实现insert,delete,update和query等方法
}

2. 在manifest.xml中注册

 <provider android:name="com.atguigu.l09_provider.PersonProvider"
            android:authorities="com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider"
            android:exported="true">
  </provider>

四 使用ContentResolver访问ContentProvider

1). 得到ContentResolver对象

context.getContentResoler(); 

2). 使用其对象

insert() delete() update() query() //系统自动找到匹配的ContentProvider对象来操作数据

五 代码

provider中DBHelper类

public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

	public DBHelper(Context context) {
		super(context, "atguigu.db", null, 1);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
		//建表
		db.execSQL("create table person(_id integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar)");
		db.execSQL("insert into person (name) values ('Tom')");

	}

	@Override
	public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase arg0, int arg1, int arg2) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

}

provider中PersonProvider类

/**
 * 操作person表的provider类
 * @author YY
 *
 */
public class PersonProvider extends ContentProvider {
	
	//用来存放所有合法的Uri的容器
	private static UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
	//保存一些合法的uri
	// content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person
	// content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person/3
	static {
		matcher.addURI("com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider", "person", 1);
		matcher.addURI("com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider", "person/#", 2);
	}
	
	private DBHelper dbHelper;
	public PersonProvider() {
		Log.e("TAG", "PersonProvider()");
	}

	/**
	 * content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person  不根据id删除
	 * content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person/3  根据id删除
	 */
	@Override
	public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
		Log.e("TAG", "PersonProvider delete()");
		//得到连接对象
		SQLiteDatabase database = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
		//匹配uri，返回code
		int code = matcher.match(uri);
		int deleteCount = -1;
		//如果合法，进行删除
		if(code==1){
			deleteCount = database.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);
		} else if(code==2) {
			long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
			deleteCount = database.delete("person", "_id="+id, null);
		} else {
			//如果不合法，抛出异常
			database.close();
			throw new RuntimeException("删除的uri不合法");
		}
		database.close();
		return deleteCount;
	}

	@Override
	public String getType(Uri arg0) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person  不根据id查询
	 */
	@Override
	public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
		Log.e("TAG", "PersonProvider insert()");
		//得到连接对象
		SQLiteDatabase database = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
		//匹配uri，返回code
		int code = matcher.match(uri);
		//如果合法，进行插入
		if(code==1){
			long id = database.insert("person", null, values);
			//将id添加到uri中
			uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);
			database.close();
			return uri;
		} else {
			//如果不合法，抛出异常
			database.close();
			throw new RuntimeException("插入的uri不合法");
		}
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreate() {
		Log.e("TAG", "PersonProvider onCreate()");
		dbHelper = new DBHelper(getContext());
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person  不根据id查询
	 * content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person/3  根据id查询
	 */
	@Override
	public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3,
			String arg4) {
		Log.e("TAG", "PersonProvider query()");
		SQLiteDatabase database = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
		//1.匹配uri，返回code
		int code = matcher.match(uri);
		Log.e("TAG", "PersonProvider query()"+code);
		//如果合法，进行查询
		if(code==1){//不根据id查询
			Cursor cursor = database.query("person", arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null, null);
			return cursor;
		} else if(code==2){//根据id查询
			//得到id
			long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
			//查询
			Cursor cursor = database.query("person", arg1, "_id=?", new String[]{id+""}, null, null, null);
			return cursor;
		} else {//如果不合法，抛出异常
			throw new RuntimeException("查询的uri不合法");
		}
		
	}

	/**
	 * content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person  不根据id更新
	 * content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person/3  根据id更新
	 */
	@Override
	public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
		Log.e("TAG", "PersonProvider update()");
		SQLiteDatabase database = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
		//1.匹配uri，返回code
		int code = matcher.match(uri);
		int updateCount = -1;
		//如果合法，进行查询
		if(code==1){//不根据id查询
			updateCount = database.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);
		} else if(code==2){//根据id查询
			//得到id
			long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
			//更新
			updateCount = database.update("person", values, "_id="+id, null);
		} else {//如果不合法，抛出异常
			database.close();
			throw new RuntimeException("更新的uri不合法");
		}
		database.close();
		return updateCount;
	}

}

Resolver中MainActivity类

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	}
	
	/*
	 * 通过ContentResolver调用ContentProvider查询所有记录
	 */
	public void query(View v){
		//得到ContentResolver对象
		ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
		//2.调用其query，得到cursor
		//根据id查询
		Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person/1");
		//不根据id查询
		uri = Uri.parse("content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person");
		Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
		//3.取出cursor中的数据，并显示
		while(cursor.moveToNext()){
			int id = cursor.getInt(0);
			String name = cursor.getString(1);
			
			Toast.makeText(this, id+" : "+name, 0).show();
		}
		cursor.close();
	}
	
	/*
	 * 通过ContentResolver调用ContentProvider插入一条记录
	 */
	public void insert(View v){
		//得到ContentResolver对象
		ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
		//2.调用其insert
		Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person");
		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put("name", "JACK");
		uri = resolver.insert(uri, values);
		
		Toast.makeText(this, uri.toString(), 0).show();
	}
	
	/*
	 * 通过ContentResolver调用ContentProvider更新记录
	 */
	public void update(View v){
		//得到ContentResolver对象
		ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
		//2.执行update
		Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person/2");
		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put("name", "JACK2");
		int updateCount = resolver.update(uri, values, null, null);
		
		Toast.makeText(this, "updateCount="+updateCount, 1).show();
		
	}
	
	/*
	 * 通过ContentResolver调用ContentProvider删除一条记录
	 */
	public void delete(View v){
		//得到ContentResolver对象
		ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
		//2.执行delete
		Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.atguigu.l09_provider.personprovider/person/2");
		int deleteCount = resolver.delete(uri, null, null);
		Toast.makeText(this, "deleteCount="+deleteCount, 1).show();
		
	}
}