深克隆和浅克隆

jdk 1.6 中Object的clone方法：

    /**
     * Creates and returns a copy of this object.  The precise meaning 
     * of "copy" may depend on the class of the object. The general 
     * intent is that, for any object <tt>x</tt>, the expression:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * x.clone() != x</pre></blockquote>
     * will be true, and that the expression:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</pre></blockquote>
     * will be <tt>true</tt>, but these are not absolute requirements. 
     * While it is typically the case that:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * x.clone().equals(x)</pre></blockquote>
     * will be <tt>true</tt>, this is not an absolute requirement. 
     * <p>
     * By convention, the returned object should be obtained by calling
     * <tt>super.clone</tt>.  If a class and all of its superclasses (except
     * <tt>Object</tt>) obey this convention, it will be the case that
     * <tt>x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</tt>.
     * <p>
     * By convention, the object returned by this method should be independent
     * of this object (which is being cloned).  To achieve this independence,
     * it may be necessary to modify one or more fields of the object returned
     * by <tt>super.clone</tt> before returning it.  Typically, this means
     * copying any mutable objects that comprise the internal "deep structure"
     * of the object being cloned and replacing the references to these
     * objects with references to the copies.  If a class contains only
     * primitive fields or references to immutable objects, then it is usually
     * the case that no fields in the object returned by <tt>super.clone</tt>
     * need to be modified.
     * <p>
     * The method <tt>clone</tt> for class <tt>Object</tt> performs a 
     * specific cloning operation. First, if the class of this object does 
     * not implement the interface <tt>Cloneable</tt>, then a 
     * <tt>CloneNotSupportedException</tt> is thrown. Note that all arrays 
     * are considered to implement the interface <tt>Cloneable</tt>. 
     * Otherwise, this method creates a new instance of the class of this 
     * object and initializes all its fields with exactly the contents of 
     * the corresponding fields of this object, as if by assignment; the
     * contents of the fields are not themselves cloned. Thus, this method 
     * performs a "shallow copy" of this object, not a "deep copy" operation.
     * <p>
     * The class <tt>Object</tt> does not itself implement the interface 
     * <tt>Cloneable</tt>, so calling the <tt>clone</tt> method on an object 
     * whose class is <tt>Object</tt> will result in throwing an
     * exception at run time.
     *
     * @return     a clone of this instance.
     * @exception  CloneNotSupportedException  if the object's class does not
     *               support the <code>Cloneable</code> interface. Subclasses
     *               that override the <code>clone</code> method can also
     *               throw this exception to indicate that an instance cannot
     *               be cloned.
     * @see java.lang.Cloneable
     */
    protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;

（1）创建一个对象的副本。

（2）这个对象所对应的类必须实现Cloneable接口，否则的话会抛出CloneNotSupportException异常。

（3）克隆有浅克隆和深克隆的说法，默认的是浅克隆。

浅克隆：

package com.panpass.main;

public class Student {
	
	private String name;
	private int    age;
	public Student(String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
	
}

package com.panpass.main;

public class Person implements Cloneable{
	
	private String name;
	private int    age;
	private Student student;
	
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Student getStudent() {
		return student;
	}
	public void setStudent(Student student) {
		this.student = student;
	}
	public Person(String name, int age, Student student) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.student = student;
	}
	@Override
	public Object clone(){
		
		Person p = null;
		try {
			
			p = (Person) super.clone();
			
			
			
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		return p;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", student=" + student
				+ "]";
	}
	
	

}

package com.panpass.main;

import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

public class Main{


	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Student student = new Student("st", 11);
		Person p = new Person("ldd",23,student);
		Person pp = (Person) p.clone();

		
		pp.setName("clone");
		Student cloneStudent = pp.getStudent();
		cloneStudent.setAge(12);
		cloneStudent.setName("clonest");
//		pp.setStudent(cloneStudent);


		System.out.println("原来的p"+p.toString());
		System.out.println("克隆之后的改变值的p"+p.toString());
		
		System.out.println("克隆之后的改变值的pp"+pp.toString());

	}
}

输出：

原来的pPerson [name=ldd, age=23, student=Student [name=clonest, age=12]]
克隆之后的改变值的pPerson [name=ldd, age=23, student=Student [name=clonest, age=12]]
克隆之后的改变值的ppPerson [name=clone, age=23, student=Student [name=clonest, age=12]]

深克隆：

只需将Person类中的clone方法改为：

@Override
	public Object clone(){
		
		Person p = null;
		try {
			
			p = (Person) super.clone();
			
			Student st = p.getStudent();
			
			Student cloneSt = new Student(st.getName(),st.getAge());
			
			p.setStudent(cloneSt);
			
			
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		return p;
	}

同样的main函数输出结果就会变为：

原来的pPerson [name=ldd, age=23, student=Student [name=st, age=11]]
克隆之后的改变值的pPerson [name=ldd, age=23, student=Student [name=st, age=11]]
克隆之后的改变值的ppPerson [name=clone, age=23, student=Student [name=clonest, age=12]]

深克隆和浅克隆明显的区别就是：

克隆的对象是不是影响到真正的对象的某些值。

深克隆不会影响到，浅克隆会影响到。