第二十四章 ansible自动化运维工具 (3)Playbook进阶使用-roles

@TOC


示例:迭代嵌套子变量

ansible主机

```go [root@ansible playbook]# pwd /data/playbook

[root@ansible playbook]# vim items2.yml #创建三个组、在和三个用户组合起来


  • hosts: websrvs remote_user: root

    tasks:

    • name: add some groups group: name={{ item }} state=present with_items:
      • group1
      • group2
      • group3
    • name: add some users user: name={{ item.name }} group={{ item.group }} state=present with_items:
      • { name: 'user1', group: 'group1' }
      • { name: 'user2', group: 'group2' }
      • { name: 'user3', group: 'group3' }

[root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook -C items2.yml [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook items2.yml ``` 6/18

```go

查看用户创建情况[user1.user2.user3]

[root@centos6 ~]$ getent passwd ... user1:x:501:501::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:502:502::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:503:503::/home/user3:/bin/bash

查看用户是否有对应的组、如:'user1'用户'group1'组

[root@centos6 ~]$ id user1 uid=501(user1) gid=501(group1) groups=501(group1) [root@centos6 ~]$ id user2 uid=502(user2) gid=502(group2) groups=502(group2) [root@centos6 ~]$ id user3 uid=503(user3) gid=503(group3) groups=503(group3) ```

```go

查看用户创建情况[user1.user2.user3]

[root@centos7-1 ~]# getent passwd ... user1:x:1001:1001::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:1002:1002::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:1003:1003::/home/user3:/bin/bash

查看用户是否有对应的组、如:'user1'用户'group1'组

[root@centos7-1 ~]# id user1 uid=1001(user1) gid=1001(group1) groups=1001(group1) [root@centos7-1 ~]# id user2 uid=1002(user2) gid=1002(group2) groups=1002(group2) [root@centos7-1 ~]# id user3 uid=1003(user3) gid=1003(group3) groups=1003(group3) ```

Playbook中template for if(for循环)

  • 示例1

ansible主机 ```go

[root@ansible playbook]# vim for1.yml

  • hosts: appsrvs <--针对哪些主机 remote_user: root vars: <--变量值 ports: <--变量值由'ports'生成,由来:因为此处定义为'ports'。 - 81 <--变量中存的元素
    - 82 - 83 tasks:
    • name: config template: src=server.conf.j2 dest=/data/server.conf ```

下图中的'ports'由来

*[ports]: 是从上图中定义的。

```go [root@ansible playbook]# vim templates/server.conf.j2 {% for port in ports %} <--for循环定义变量值为'ports'、是从上面文件定义的'ports'中取值 server { listen {{ port }} } {% endfor %}

[root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook -C for1.yml [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook for1.yml ``` 18/28主机

```go

显示结果18/28一致、此处以18为例

[root@centos7-1 ~]# cat /data/server.conf server { listen 81 } server { listen 82 } server { listen 83 } ``` - 示例2:变量赋值

ansible主机 ```go [root@ansible playbook]# cp for1.yml for2.yml

[root@ansible playbook]# vim for2.yml

  • hosts: appsrvs remoteuser: root vars: ports: - listenport: 81 <--变量赋值:如'listenport'表示变量、'81'表示值 - listenport: 82 - listen_port: 83 tasks:
    • name: config template: src=server2.conf.j2 dest=/data/server2.conf

[root@ansible playbook]# cp templates/server.conf.j2 templates/server2.conf.j2 [root@ansible playbook]# vim templates/server2.conf.j2 {% for port in ports %} server { listen {{ port.listen_port }} } {% endfor %}

[root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook for2.yml ``` 18/28主机

```go

显示结果

[root@centos7-1 ~]# cat /data/server2.conf server { listen 81 } server { listen 82 } server { listen 83 } ``` - 示例3:字典

ansible主机 ```go [root@ansible playbook]# cp for2.yml for3.yml

[root@ansible playbook]# vim for3.yml #嵌入字典、如:'web1'字典内我们定义了3个值。

  • hosts: appsrvs remoteuser: root vars: ports: - web1: <--字典 listenport: 81 <--值 name: web1.mgdu.com <--值 dir: /data/web1 <--值 - web2: listenport: 82 name: web2.mgdu.com dir: /data/web2 - web3: listenport: 83 name: web3.mgdu.com dir: /data/web3 tasks:
    • name: config template: src=server3.conf.j2 dest=/data/server3.conf

[root@ansible playbook]# cp templates/server2.conf.j2 templates/server3.conf.j2 [root@ansible playbook]# vim templates/server3.conf.j2 {% for port in ports %} server { listen {{ port.listenport }} <--对应上面文件的'listenport' server_name {{ port.name }} <--对应上面文件的'name' root {{ port.dir }} <--对应上面文件的'dir' } {% endfor %}

[root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook -C for3.yml [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook for3.yml ``` 18/28主机

```go

显示结果

[root@centos7-1 ~]# cat /data/server3.conf server { listen 81 servername web1.mgdu.com root /data/web1 } server { listen 82 servername web2.mgdu.com root /data/web2 } server { listen 83 server_name web3.mgdu.com root /data/web3 } ``` - 示例4:条件判断

```go [root@ansible playbook]# cp for3.yml for4.yml

[root@ansible playbook]# vim for4.yml #条件判断、没有name条件就不生成

  • hosts: appsrvs remoteuser: root vars: ports: - web1: listenport: 81 #name: web1.mgdu.com <--注释掉此行 dir: /data/web1 - web2: listenport: 82 name: web2.mgdu.com dir: /data/web2 - web3: listenport: 83 #name: web3.mgdu.com <--注释掉此行 dir: /data/web3 tasks:
    • name: config template: src=server4.conf.j2 dest=/data/server4.conf

[root@ansible playbook]# cp templates/server3.conf.j2 templates/server4.conf.j2
[root@ansible playbook]# vim templates/server4.conf.j2 {% for port in ports %} server { listen {{ port.listenport }} {% if port.name is defined %} <--if条件判断 servername {{ port.name }} <--判断'port.name'是否存在、不存在就不生成 {% endif %} <--判断结束 root {{ port.dir }} } {% endfor %}

[root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook for4.yml -C [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook for4.yml ``` 18/28主机

```go

显示结果、发现刚刚注释掉的两行内容没有生成

[root@centos7-1 ~]# cat /data/server4.conf server { listen 81 root /data/web1 } server { listen 82 server_name web2.mgdu.com root /data/web2 } server { listen 83 root /data/web3 } ```

roles(角色)模块

roles - ansible自1.2版本引入的新特性,用于层次性、结构化地组织playbook。roles能够根据层次型结构自动装载变量文件、tasks以及handlers等。要使用roles只需要在playbook中使用include指令即可。简单来讲,roles就是通过分别将变量、文件、任务、模板及处理器放置于单独的目录中,并可以便捷地include它们的一种机制。角色一般用于基于主机构建服务的场景中,但也可以是用于构建守护进程等场景中

复杂场景:建议使用roles,代码复用度高 - 变更指定主机或主机组 - 如命名不规范维护和传承成本大 - 某些功能需多个Playbook,通过includes即可实现

roles目录结构、官方推荐目录 /etc/ansible/roles - 每个角色,以特定的层级目录结构进行组织 - roles目录结构: (playbook.yml和roles/平级目录)

playbook.yml roles/ ├── project/ ├── tasks/ ├── files/ ├── vars ├── templates/ ├── handlers/ ├── default/ └──meta/

ansible主机

```go

创建目录

[root@ansible playbook]# mkdir -pv /data/playbook/roles/{mysql,nginx}/{tasks,files}

查看目录结构

[root@ansible playbook]# tree /data/playbook/roles/ /data/playbook/roles/ ├── mysql │ ├── files │ └── tasks └── nginx ├── files └── tasks

6 directories, 0 files ```

1. roles(角色)模块:nginx搭建

  1. 创建账户

```go [root@ansible playbook]# cd roles/nginx/tasks/ [root@ansible tasks]# pwd /data/playbook/roles/nginx/tasks [root@ansible tasks]# touch user.yml install.yml config.yml service.yml

第一步:创建账户和组

[root@ansible tasks]# vim user.yml - name: create user user: name=nginx shell=/sbin/nologin system=yes create_home=no #创建用户nginx、shell类型、系统账号、不创建家目录
```

  1. 安装软件包

go [root@ansible tasks]# vim install.yml - name: install yum: name=nginx

  1. 写配置文件

```go [root@ansible tasks]# cd ../files/ [root@ansible files]# pwd /data/playbook/roles/nginx/files

把配置文件拷贝到当前目录

[root@ansible files]# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf .

修改配置文件

[root@ansible files]# vim nginx.conf ... server { listen 9527; <--ipv4端口号 listen [::]:9527; <--ipv6端口号 ... ```

```go [root@ansible files]# cd ../tasks/ [root@ansible tasks]# pwd /data/playbook/roles/nginx/tasks

配置文件

[root@ansible tasks]# vim config.yml - name: config copy: src=nginx.conf dest=/etc/nginx/ ```

  1. 启动服务

```go

启动服务

[root@ansible tasks]# vim service.yml - name: service service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes ```

go [root@ansible tasks]# vim main.yml #执行次序 - include: user.yml <--1. 创建账户 - include: install.yml <--2. 安装软件包 - include: config.yml <--3. 配置文件 - include: service.yml <--4. 启动服务

```go [root@ansible tasks]# cd .. [root@ansible nginx]# pwd /data/playbook/roles/nginx

查看一下nginx目录结构、可以看到刚刚写过、改过的文件

[root@ansible nginx]# tree . ├── files │ └── nginx.conf └── tasks ├── config.yml ├── install.yml ├── main.yml ├── service.yml └── user.yml

2 directories, 6 files ```

```go

进到与roles同级的目录里

[root@ansible nginx]# cd ../.. [root@ansible playbook]# pwd /data/playbook #与roles同级的目录里 [root@ansible playbook]# ll #查看一下是否同级 ... drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 32 Jun 27 00:30 roles <-- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 183 Jun 26 23:56 templates ...

调用nginx角色

[root@ansible playbook]# vim nginx_role.yml - hosts: appsrvs #那些主机【appsrvs】、调用‘nginx’角色

roles: #角色 - role: nginx #nginx `` 18/28主机 快照(初始化)`

连接外网: 方法1: 虚拟机设置-->添加NAT网卡-->systemctl restart network-->ping 1.1.1.1 方法2: 网卡配置文件中-->添加'GATEWAY=192.168.37.2,DNS1=114.114.114.114'-->systemctl restart network-->ping 1.1.1.1

```go [root@centos7-1 ~]# rpm -q nginx package nginx is not installed #未安装nginx

添加epel源

[root@centos7-1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo [base] name=cdrom base baseurl=file:///misc/cd gpgcheck=0

[epel] name=aliyun epel

baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/

baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 ```

ansible主机

```go

ansible key验证(18/28主机初始化后需要重新做key验证)

[root@ansible playbook]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.37.18 [root@ansible playbook]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.37.28 ```

go [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook nginx_role.yml 18/28主机

```go

发现nginx的ipv4和ipv6端口号都为'9527'、

[root@centos7-1 ~]# ss -ntlp|grep 9527 LISTEN 0 128 :9527 *: users:(("nginx",pid=20511,fd=6),("nginx",pid=20510,fd=6),("nginx",pid=20509,fd=6),("nginx",pid=20508,fd=6),("nginx",pid=20507,fd=6)) LISTEN 0 128 :::9527 :::* users:(("nginx",pid=20511,fd=7),("nginx",pid=20510,fd=7),("nginx",pid=20509,fd=7),("nginx",pid=20508,fd=7),("nginx",pid=20507,fd=7)) ```

如果需要更改端口、怎么办?

ansible主机

```go

更改nginx端口号

[root@ansible playbook]# vim roles/nginx/files/nginx.conf ... server { listen 80; <-- listen [::]:80; <-- ... go [root@ansible playbook]# cd roles/nginx/ [root@ansible nginx]# pwd /data/playbook/roles/nginx

[root@ansible nginx]# mkdir handlers [root@ansible nginx]# vim handlers/main.yml #触发重启服务 - name: restart service <--名称要一致 service: name=nginx state=restarted

[root@ansible nginx]# cd tasks/ [root@ansible tasks]# vim config.yml - name: config copy: src=nginx.conf dest=/etc/nginx/ notify: restart service <--触发重启、名称要和上面一致

目录结构

[root@ansible nginx]# tree . ├── files │ └── nginx.conf ├── handlers │ └── main.yml └── tasks ├── config.yml ├── install.yml ├── main.yml ├── service.yml └── user.yml

3 directories, 7 files

[root@ansible tasks]# cd /data/playbook/ #回到与roles/文件同级目录中 [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook -C nginxrole.yml [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook nginxrole.yml ``` 18/28主机

```go

nginx端口号为80

[root@centos7-1 ~]# ss -ntlp|grep 80 LISTEN 0 128 :80 *: users:(("nginx",pid=21745,fd=6),("nginx",pid=21744,fd=6),("nginx",pid=21743,fd=6),("nginx",pid=21742,fd=6),("nginx",pid=21741,fd=6)) LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("nginx",pid=21745,fd=7),("nginx",pid=21744,fd=7),("nginx",pid=21743,fd=7),("nginx",pid=21742,fd=7),("nginx",pid=21741,fd=7)) ``` 浏览器打开"192.168.37.18"、默认端口为80 在这里插入图片描述

```go

nginx页面文件

[root@centos7-1 ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/

备份页面文件

[root@centos7-1 html]# cp index.html{,.bak}

修改页面文件内容

[root@centos7-1 html]# vim index.html

hello world

``` 页面内容发生变化 在这里插入图片描述ansible主机

```go

nginx测试页面写到nginx角色files的index.html中

[root@ansible playbook]# cd roles/nginx/files/ [root@ansible files]# vim index.html

hello world!

进到nginx角色目录

[root@ansible files]# pwd /data/playbook/roles/nginx/files [root@ansible files]# cd .. [root@ansible nginx]# ls files handlers tasks

准备网页文件

[root@ansible nginx]# vim tasks/data.yml - name: data file copy: src=index.html dest=/usr/share/nginx/html/

[root@ansible nginx]# vim tasks/main.yml #执行次序 - include: user.yml - include: install.yml - include: config.yml - include: data.yml <--html网页文件 - include: service.yml ```

```go

回到roles同级目录中

[root@ansible nginx]# cd ../../ [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook -C nginxrole.yml [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook nginxrole.yml ``` 18/28主机:浏览器页面发生变化

在这里插入图片描述

2. roles(角色)模块:apache搭建

  1. 安装apache

```go [root@ansible playbook]# pwd /data/playbook [root@ansible playbook]# mkdir -pv roles/httpd/{tasks,files,templates,var} [root@ansible playbook]# cd roles/httpd/tasks/ [root@ansible tasks]# touch install.yml config.yml data.yml service.yml [root@ansible tasks]# ls > main.yml #把刚刚创建4个文件、生成到main.yml里

安装apache

[root@ansible tasks]# vim install.yml - name: install.yml yum: name=httpd

[root@ansible tasks]# vim config.yml - name: config file template: src=httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 2. 配置文件 go [root@ansible tasks]# pwd /data/playbook/roles/httpd/tasks [root@ansible tasks]# cd ..

拷贝文件

[root@ansible httpd]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf templates/httpd.conf.j2

修改配置文件内容

[root@ansible httpd]# vim templates/httpd.conf.j2 ... Listen {{ httpd_port }} <--监听端口 User {{ username }} <--用户账号 Group {{ groupname }} <--用户组 ... ```

```go

vars/变量文件夹、专门放变量

[root@ansible httpd]# vim vars/main.yml username: daemon groupname: daemon 3. 数据文件 go

数据文件

[root@ansible httpd]# cd tasks/ [root@ansible tasks]# vim data.yml - name: data file copy: src=roles/nginx/files/index.html dest=/var/www/html #此处'roles/nginx/files/index.html'为相对路径、从roles开始描述。调用nginx的网页文件。 4. 启动服务 go

启动服务

[root@ansible tasks]# vim service.yml - name: service service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes ```

go [root@ansible tasks]# vim main.yml #启动次序 - include: install.yml <--安装软件包 - include: config.yml <--配置文件 - include: data.yml <--数据文件 - include: service.yml <--启动服务

```go [root@ansible tasks]# cd ..

查看apache目录结构

[root@ansible httpd]# tree . ├── files ├── tasks │ ├── config.yml │ ├── data.yml │ ├── install.yml │ ├── main.yml │ └── service.yml ├── templates │ └── httpd.conf.j2 <--模板文件、写了用户的变量名 └── vars └── main.yml <--专门放变量

4 directories, 7 files ```

```go

回到roles平级目录

[root@ansible httpd]# cd ../../ [root@ansible playbook]# vim httpd_role.yml - hosts: appsrvs <--针对主机

roles: <--角色 - httpd <--什么角色?如'httpd'角色 ```

```go

注意:如果配置文件中、下面还有针对[appsrvs]组中主机的端口变量、此处将被下面端口变量覆盖

[root@ansible playbook]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts ... [appsrvs] 192.168.37.18 httpdport=8018 <--端口变量'8018' 192.168.37.28 httpdport=8028 <--端口变量'8028' ...

[root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook -C httpdrole.yml [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook httpdrole.yml ```

18/28主机:查看httpd端口情况

```go [root@centos7-1 ~]# ss -ntlp|grep 8018 #18主机:端口情况8018 LISTEN 0 128 :::8018 :::* users:(("httpd",pid=75083,fd=4),("httpd",pid=75082,fd=4),("httpd",pid=75081,fd=4),("httpd",pid=75080,fd=4),("httpd",pid=75079,fd=4),("httpd",pid=75076,fd=4))

[root@centos7-2 ~]# ss -ntlp|grep 8028 #28主机:端口情况8028 LISTEN 0 128 :::8028 :::* users:(("httpd",pid=24193,fd=4),("httpd",pid=24192,fd=4),("httpd",pid=24190,fd=4),("httpd",pid=24189,fd=4),("httpd",pid=24188,fd=4),("httpd",pid=24185,fd=4)) ``` 浏览器测试 在这里插入图片描述在这里插入图片描述

3. roles(角色)模块:mariadb搭建

```go

可参考、之前的mariadb模板文件、内容如下

[root@ansible playbook]# cat install_mariadb.yml

  • hosts: 192.168.37.6 remote_user: root

    tasks:

    • name: user user: name=mysql system=yes home=/data/mysql create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin
    • name: unarchive unarchive: src=/data/playbook/mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/ owner=root group=root
    • name: mysql link file: src=/usr/local/mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64 dest=/usr/local/mysql state=link
    • name: mysql datadir file: path=/data/mysql state=directory
    • name: mysql datadir owner group file: path=/data/mysql state=directory owner=mysql group=mysql
    • name: mysql database shell: chdir=/usr/local/mysql/ scripts/mysqlinstalldb --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql
    • name: path var copy: content='PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' dest=/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
    • name: config copy: src=/data/playbook/my-huge.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf
    • name: service file shell: cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
    • name: start service shell: /etc/init.d/mysqld start ```

```go [root@ansible playbook]# cd roles/mysql/tasks/

创建文件(用户账号、解压缩、软连接、文件夹、数据库、变量、配置文件、脚本、服务)

[root@ansible tasks]# touch user.yml unarchive.yml link.yml datadir.yml database.yml var.yml config.yml script.yml service.yml ```

```go

创建用户账号

[root@ansible tasks]# cat > user.yml - name: user user: name=mysql system=yes home=/data/mysql create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin ^C ```

```go

解压缩

[root@ansible tasks]# vim unarchive.yml - name: unarchive unarchive: src=mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/ owner=root group=root ^C go

软连接

[root@ansible tasks]# cat > link.yml - name: mysql link file: src=/usr/local/mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64 dest=/usr/local/mysql state=link ^C ```

```go

文件夹

[root@ansible tasks]# cat > datadir.yml - name: mysql datadir owner group file: path=/data/mysql state=directory owner=mysql group=mysql ^C ```

```go

数据库

[root@ansible tasks]# cat > database.yml - name: mysql database shell: chdir=/usr/local/mysql/ scripts/mysqlinstalldb --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql ^C ```

```go

变量

[root@ansible tasks]# cat > var.yml - name: path var copy: content='PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' dest=/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh ^C ```

```go

配置文件

[root@ansible tasks]# cat > config.yml - name: config shell: cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf ^C ```

```go

配置文件2、修改mysql配置文件、指定路径

[root@ansible tasks]# vim config2.yml - name: config file2 shell: sed -i '/[mysqld]/a datadir=/data/mysql' /etc/my.cnf ```

```go

脚本

[root@ansible tasks]# cat > script.yml - name: service file shell: cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld ^C ```

```go

服务

[root@ansible tasks]# cat > service.yml - name: start service shell: /etc/init.d/mysqld start ^C ```

go [root@ansible tasks]# for file in *;do echo "- include: $file" >> main.yml;done [root@ansible tasks]# vim main.yml #调顺序 - include: user.yml - include: unarchive.yml - include: link.yml - include: datadir.yml - include: database.yml - include: var.yml - include: config.yml - include: config2.yml - include: script.yml - include: service.yml mariadb-10.2.25下载

go [root@ansible tasks]# cd ../files/ [root@ansible files]# rz -E #上传文件 [root@ansible files]# ls mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

```go [root@ansible files]# cd ../../../ [root@ansible playbook]# pwd /data/playbook

查看目录结构

[root@ansible playbook]# tree roles/mysql/ roles/mysql/ ├── files │ └── mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz └── tasks ├── config2.yml ├── config.yml ├── database.yml ├── datadir.yml ├── link.yml ├── main.yml ├── script.yml ├── service.yml ├── unarchive.yml ├── user.yml └── var.yml

2 directories, 12 files

[root@ansible playbook]# vim mysql_role.yml - hosts: appsrvs

roles: - mysql

[root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook mysql_role.yml ``` 18/28主机

```go

可以端口发现、mysql端口号'3306'开启

[root@centos7-1 ~]# ss -ntlp |grep mysql LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",pid=28243,fd=21)) ```

go [root@centos7-1 ~]# mysql bash: mysql: command not found... [root@centos7-1~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh #运行完此步骤、使变量生效或退出此主机(37.18)远程窗口重新登录、即可进入mysql

```go [root@centos7-1 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 11 Server version: 10.2.25-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> ```

针对不同版本应用不同角色:CentOS6装httpd、CentOS7装nginx

前提

ansible主机 ```go

卸载ansible所有主机httpd、nginx服务。(工作中慎用、此处为实验需要)

[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m yum -a 'name=httpd,nginx state=absent' ``` 6/18/28主机

```go

查看是否nginx和httpd卸载

[root@centos6 ~]$ rpm -q nginx httpd package nginx is not installed <--未安装软件包 nginx package httpd is not installed <--未安装软件包 httpd

[root@centos7-1 ~]# rpm -q nginx httpd package nginx is not installed package httpd is not installed

[root@centos7-2 ~]# rpm -q nginx httpd package nginx is not installed package httpd is not installed ``` 实验开始 ansible主机

```go [root@ansible ~]# cd /data/playbook/ [root@ansible playbook]# vim httpdnginxrole.yml #判断脚本 - hosts: all <--针对所有主机

roles: - { role: httpd, when: ansibledistributionmajorversion=="6" } <--版本6、运行httpd - { role: nginx, when: ansibledistributionmajorversion=="7" } <--版本7、运行nginx 6主机[需要用centos6的httpd模板、拷贝到37.7主机中] 方法1: go [root@centos6 ~]$ yum install -y httpd

把httpd.conf配置文件传过去

[root@centos6 ~]$ scp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 192.168.37.7:/data/playbook/roles/httpd/templates/httpd.conf.j2 ``` 方法2: 点此下载:CentOS6版本的httpd.conf模板文件 保存到:192.168.37.7主机‘/data/playbook/roles/httpd/templates/’目录下、改名’httpd.conf.j2‘

ansible主机

go [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook httpd_nginx_role.yml

6主机

```go

6版本、有httpd端口80

[root@centos6 ~]$ ss -ntlp|grep httpd LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("httpd",8411,5),("httpd",8415,5),("httpd",8416,5),("httpd",8417,5),("httpd",8418,5),("httpd",8419,5),("httpd",8420,5),("httpd",8421,5),("httpd",8422,5)) ``` 18/28主机

```go

7版本、有nginx端口80

[root@centos7-1 ~]# ss -tnlp |grep nginx LISTEN 0 128 :80 *: users:(("nginx",pid=33578,fd=6),("nginx",pid=33577,fd=6),("nginx",pid=33576,fd=6),("nginx",pid=33575,fd=6),("nginx",pid=33574,fd=6)) LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("nginx",pid=33578,fd=7),("nginx",pid=33577,fd=7),("nginx",pid=33576,fd=7),("nginx",pid=33575,fd=7),("nginx",pid=33574,fd=7)) ```

角色里面还可以用变量

ansible主机

```go

修改6版本httpd配置文件

[root@ansible playbook]# vim roles/httpd/templates/httpd.conf.j2 ... Listen {{ httpd_port }} <--端口号改为变量 ...

[root@ansible playbook]# vim httpdnginxrole.yml

  • hosts: all

    roles:

    • {role: httpd, httpdport: 1234, when: ansibledistributionmajorversion=="6"} <--添加变量httpd_port: 1234
    • {role: nginx, when: ansibledistributionmajor_version=="7"} ```

```go [root@ansible playbook]# cd roles/httpd/tasks/ [root@ansible tasks]# vim config.yml

  • name: config file template: src=httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf notify: restart <--触发重启服务

[root@ansible tasks]# cd .. [root@ansible httpd]# mkdir handlers [root@ansible httpd]# vim handlers/main.yml - name: restart <--触发重启服务 service: name=httpd state=restarted

[root@ansible httpd]# cd ../../ [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook httpdnginxrole.yml ``` 6主机

```go

httpd服务重启了、并且端口变成了1234

[root@centos6 ~]$ ss -ntlp|grep httpd LISTEN 0 128 :::1234 :::* users:(("httpd",9780,6),("httpd",9783,6),("httpd",9784,6),("httpd",9785,6),("httpd",9786,6),("httpd",9787,6),("httpd",9788,6),("httpd",9789,6),("httpd",9790,6)) ```

roles playbook tags标签使用[定义角色时候加标签]

```go

添加标签

[root@ansible playbook]# vim httpdnginxrole.yml

  • hosts: all

    roles:

    • {role: httpd, httpdport: 1234, when: ansibledistributionmajorversion=="6"}
    • {role: nginx, when: ansibledistributionmajor_version=="7", tags: web} <---标签tags: web、以后这个7版本的nginx就有标签了

以后就可以挑着标签执行、而不是全部执行

[root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook -t web httpdnginxrole.yml

也可添加多个标签

[root@ansible playbook]# vim httpdnginxrole.yml

  • hosts: all

    roles:

    • {role: httpd, httpdport: 1234, when: ansibledistributionmajorversion=="6"}
    • {role: nginx, when: ansibledistributionmajor_version=="7", tags: ["web","nginx"]}<---以后这个7版本的nginx就有2个标签了

[root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook -t nginx httpdnginxrole.yml ```

memcached提供缓存服务

go [root@ansible playbook]# pwd /data/playbook [root@ansible playbook]# cd roles/ [root@ansible roles]# mkdir -pv memcached/{tasks,files,templates}

go [root@ansible roles]# yum install -y memcached [root@ansible roles]# cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached PORT="11211" #Memcached用来运行的端口 USER="memcached" #Memcached服务的启动守护程序。 MAXCONN="1024" #用于将最大同时连接数设置为1024的值。对于繁忙的Web服务器,您可以根据需要增加任何数量。 CACHESIZE="64" #缓存大小 OPTIONS="" #选项:设置服务器的IP地址,以便Apache或Nginx Web服务器可以连接到它。

```go [root@ansible roles]# cd memcached/ [root@ansible memcached]# cp /etc/sysconfig/memcached templates/memcached.j2 [root@ansible memcached]# vim templates/memcached.j2

PORT="11211" USER="memcached" MAXCONN="1024" CACHESIZE="{{ ansiblememtotalmb//4 }}" <--内存总大小除4、取整数 OPTIONS="" ```

```go [root@ansible memcached]# cd tasks/ [root@ansible tasks]# touch {install,config,service}.yml

[root@ansible tasks]# vim install.yml #安装包 - name: install yum: name=memcached

[root@ansible tasks]# vim config.yml #配置文件 - name: config template: src=memcached.j2 dest=/etc/sysconfig/memcached

[root@ansible tasks]# vim service.yml #启动服务 - name: service service: name=memcached state=started enabled=yes

[root@ansible tasks]# for file in * ;do echo "- include: $file" >> main.yml ;done

[root@ansible tasks]# vim main.yml #启动顺序 - include: install.yml - include: config.yml - include: service.yml

[root@ansible memcached]# cd ../.. [root@ansible playbook]# vim memcached_role.yml

  • hosts: appsrvs

    roles:

    • memcached ``` 18/28主机:把内存大小调一下【18:2G、28:4G】看内存大小

```go [root@centos7-1 ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1.8G 351M 1.1G 12M 387M 1.2G Swap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G

[root@centos7-2 ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 3.7G 360M 2.9G 14M 452M 3.1G Swap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G ``` ansible主机

go [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook -C memcached_role.yml [root@ansible playbook]# ansible-playbook memcached_role.yml 18/28主机:缓存大小发生变化

```go [root@centos7-1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached PORT="11211" USER="memcached" MAXCONN="1024" CACHESIZE="454" <-- OPTIONS=""

[root@centos7-2 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached PORT="11211" USER="memcached" MAXCONN="1024" CACHESIZE="942" <-- OPTIONS="" 查看memcached端口、端口号'11211' go [root@centos7-1 ~]# ss -ntlp ... LISTEN 0 128 :11211 *: users:(("memcached",pid=9454,fd=26)) LISTEN 0 128 :::11211 :::* users:(("memcached",pid=9454,fd=27)) ...

[root@centos7-2 ~]# ss -ntlp |grep memcached LISTEN 0 128 :11211 *: users:(("memcached",pid=20594,fd=26)) LISTEN 0 128 :::11211 :::* users:(("memcached",pid=20594,fd=27)) ```

推荐资料

https://galaxy.ansible.com/ https://galaxy.ansible.com/not-found https://github.com/ http://ansible.com.cn/ 中文 https://github.com/ansible/ansible https://github.com/ansible/ansible-examples

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