java发送http的get、post请求,使用fastjson传json格式数据(application/json)

GET方式:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpRequest {
    /**
     * 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
     * 
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return URL 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
        String result = "";
        BufferedReader in = null;
        try {
            String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            // 建立实际的连接
            connection.connect();
            // 获取所有响应头字段
            Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();
            // 遍历所有的响应头字段
            for (String key : map.keySet()) {
                System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
            }
            // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    connection.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常!" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 使用finally块来关闭输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
     * 
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的 URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            // 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            // 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            // 发送请求参数
            out.print(param);
            // flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常!"+e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
        finally{
            try{
                if(out!=null){
                    out.close();
                }
                if(in!=null){
                    in.close();
                }
            }
            catch(IOException ex){
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }    
}

POST方式:



import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

/**
 * Demo
 * @author swh
 * @version 1.0
 *
 */
public class Demo {
    public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            // 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            // 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            // 发送请求参数
            out.print(param);
            // flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常!" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JSONObject jsonobject = new JSONObject();
        jsonobject.put("gxrq", "2018/07/06 18:30:26");
        jsonobject.put("pageNo", 1);
        jsonobject.put("pageSize", 10);
        jsonobject.put("fyId", 2400);
        jsonobject.put("ajlx", 1);
        //发送 POST 请求
        String sr = Demo.sendPost("http://localhost:8585/export15xml_frame/.senddatas",
            jsonobject.toJSONString());
        System.out.println(sr);
    }
}

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首先,需要在 `pom.xml` 文件中添加以下依赖: ```xml <dependencies> <!-- Spring Boot Web Starter --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Spring Boot Test Starter --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Apache HttpClient 5 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient5</artifactId> <version>5.1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- Fastjson --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.78</version> </dependency> </dependencies> ``` 然后,创建一个 `RestTemplate` 的 Bean: ```java import org.apache.hc.client5.http.async.methods.SimpleHttpRequests; import org.apache.hc.client5.http.async.methods.SimpleHttpResponse; import org.apache.hc.client5.http.async.methods.SimpleRequestBuilder; import org.apache.hc.client5.http.async.methods.SimpleResponseConsumer; import org.apache.hc.core5.concurrent.FutureCallback; import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType; import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders; import org.apache.hc.core5.http.Method; import org.apache.hc.core5.http.nio.support.BasicRequestProducer; import org.apache.hc.core5.http.nio.support.BasicResponseConsumer; import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.HttpContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsAsyncClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.web.client.AsyncRestTemplate; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.concurrent.Future; @Configuration public class RestTemplateConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate() { RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); // 设置请求HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setAccept(Collections.singletonList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); restTemplate.setInterceptors(Collections.singletonList(new RestTemplateHeaderModifierInterceptor(headers))); // 设置请求和响应的消息转换器 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter converter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(); converter.setSupportedMediaTypes(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)); restTemplate.setMessageConverters(Collections.singletonList(converter)); // 设置请求工厂 HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(); requestFactory.setConnectTimeout(10000); requestFactory.setReadTimeout(10000); restTemplate.setRequestFactory(requestFactory); return restTemplate; } @Bean public AsyncRestTemplate asyncRestTemplate() { AsyncRestTemplate asyncRestTemplate = new AsyncRestTemplate(); // 设置请求HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setAccept(Collections.singletonList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); asyncRestTemplate.setInterceptors(Collections.singletonList(new RestTemplateHeaderModifierInterceptor(headers))); // 设置请求和响应的消息转换器 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter converter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(); converter.setSupportedMediaTypes(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)); asyncRestTemplate.setMessageConverters(Collections.singletonList(converter)); // 设置请求工厂 HttpComponentsAsyncClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new HttpComponentsAsyncClientHttpRequestFactory(); requestFactory.setConnectTimeout(10000); requestFactory.setReadTimeout(10000); asyncRestTemplate.setAsyncRequestFactory(requestFactory); return asyncRestTemplate; } private static class RestTemplateHeaderModifierInterceptor implements org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestInterceptor { private final HttpHeaders headers; public RestTemplateHeaderModifierInterceptor(HttpHeaders headers) { this.headers = headers; } @Override public org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest request, byte[] body, ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) throws IOException { headers.forEach((key, value) -> request.getHeaders().put(key, value)); return execution.execute(request, body); } } } ``` 其中,`RestTemplateHeaderModifierInterceptor` 是用来设置请求头的拦截器,`MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter` 是用来转换请求和响应消息的消息转换器,`HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory` 和 `HttpComponentsAsyncClientHttpRequestFactory` 是用来配置请求工厂的。 在上面的代码中,我同时定义了同步和异步的 `RestTemplate`,你可以根据需要选择其中一个。 使用示例: ```java import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.http.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Controller @RequestMapping("/test") public class TestController { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @GetMapping("/sync") @ResponseBody public String testSync() { String url = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1"; ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, null, String.class); return responseEntity.getBody(); } @GetMapping("/async") @ResponseBody public String testAsync() throws Exception { String url = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1"; Future<ResponseEntity<String>> future = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, null, String.class); ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = future.get(); return responseEntity.getBody(); } } ``` 上面的示例中,我使用 `RestTemplate` 发送了一个 GET 请求请求的 URL 是 `https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1`,并且指定了响应消息的类型为 `String`。如果你需要发送 POST 请求,只需要将 `HttpMethod.GET` 改为 `HttpMethod.POST`,并且设置请求体即可。

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