初学者初始化方法 便利构造器

#pragma mark 初始化方法（在这里，我是初始化方法，通常情况下，把参数最全的初始化方法作为指定初始化方法）
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name withAge:(NSString *)age withSex:(NSString *)sex
{
    self = [super init]; //父类初始化 子类self继承于父类super
    if (self) {          //因为父类可能初始化不成功。这时候子类没有必要进行初始化
        _name = name;
        _sex = sex;
        _age = age;
    }
    return self;
}
#pragma mark 初始化方法2（初始值:name,sex）
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name withSex:(NSString *)sex
{
    self = [self initWithName:name withAge:nil withSex:sex];
    return self;
}
-(id)initWithAge:(NSString *)age withSex:(NSString *)sex
{
    self = [self initWithName:nil withAge:age withSex:sex];
    return self;
}
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name withAge:(NSString *)age
{
    self = [self initWithName:name withAge:age withSex:nil];
    return self;
}
#pragma mark 初始化方法3
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name
{
    return [self initWithName:name withAge:nil withSex:nil];
}


#pragma mark setter  方法
-(void)setName:(NSString *)name // 有几个冒号有几个参数 setName：是方法名
{
    _name = name;
}
-(void)setSex:(NSString *)sex
{
    _sex = sex;
}
-(void)setAge:(NSString *)age
{
    _age = age;
}

#pragma mark getter 方法
-(NSString *)getterName
{
    return _name;
}
-(NSString *)getterSex
{
    return _sex;
}
-(NSString *)getterAge
{
    return _age;
}

#pragma mark 便利构造器1
+(id)personWithName:(NSString *)name withAge:(NSString *)age withSex:(NSString *)sex
{
//    _name = name;
//    _age = age;
//    类方法里面，绝对不可能出现实例变量
    Person *p = [[Person alloc]initWithName:name withAge:age withSex:sex];
    return p;
}

#pragma mark 便利构造器 2
+(id)personWithName:(NSString *)name
{
    return [self personWithName:name withAge:nil withSex:nil];
}