1、字典的格式
格式
变量名={key1:value,key2:value,}
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
字典的每个元素由2部分组成,键(key):值(value)
2、根据键访问值
案例:有对应key的
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
print(info["name"])
#jack
案例:无对应key的
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
print(info["name12"])
#KeyError: 'name12'
不确定字典中是否存在某个键而又想获取其值时,get()
案例:有对应key的
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
print(info.get("name"))
#jack
案例:无对应key的
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
print(info.get("name"))
#None
案例:无对应key的,默认返回数据
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
print(info.get("name12","无数据"))
#无数据
3、修改元素
字典的每个元素中的数据是可以修改的,只要通过key找到,即可修改,否则是新增
有对应的key则是修改数据,没有对应的key是新增数据
案例:对应的key
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
info["age"] =14 print(info)
#{'name': 'jack', 'age': 14, 'sex': '男'}
案例:无对应的key
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
info["gender"] ="属鸡" print(info)
#{'name': 'jack', 'age': 12, 'sex': '男', 'gender': '属鸡'}
4、添加元素
同上
5、删除元素
del
clear()
1)del (删除指定的元素)
删除整个字典
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
del info print(info)
#NameError: name 'info' is not defined
删除某个元素
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
del info["name"] print(info)
#{'age': 12, 'sex': '男'}
2)clear清空
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
info.clear()
print(info)
#{}
6:查询长度
len():查询键值对的个数
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
print(len(info))
#3
7:字典中循环
取出字典中的key
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
for i in info.keys():
print(i)
#name
age
sex
取出字典中的value
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
for i in info.values():
print(i)
#jack
12
男
取出字典中的key和value
#方式一:
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
for i in info.keys():
print(i,info[i])
#方式二:
info = {"name":"jack","age":12,"sex":"男"}
for k,v in info.items():
print(k,v)