https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/
Doker命令学习docs
1.查看docker信息
#查看docker版本信息
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker version
# docker 系统的信息，包括容器，镜像信息
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker infO
2.镜像命令
docker images #查看所有本地主机上的镜像 可以使用docker image ls代替
docker search #搜索镜像
docker pull #下载镜像 docker image pull
docker rmi #删除镜像 docker image rm
2.1查看镜像
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker images --help
#显示本地所有的iamges
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker images -a
-
**REPOSITORY：**表示镜像的仓库源
-
**TAG：**镜像的标签
-
**IMAGE ID：**镜像ID
-
**CREATED：**镜像创建时间
-
**SIZE：**镜像大小
同一仓库源可以有多个 TAG，代表这个仓库源的不同个版本，如 ubuntu 仓库源里，有 15.10、14.04 等多个不同的版本，我们使用 REPOSITORY:TAG 来定义不同的镜像。
#显示本地所有的iamges的ID
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker images -q
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker images --digests
#List images by name and tag
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker images mysql
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker images mysql:5.7
#展示image完整得ID
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker images --no-trunc
2.2 删除镜像
#删除容器
docker rmi name:tag/ID
#此命令取消标记并删除与指定ID匹配的所有图像
docker rmi -f ID
#删除符合条件得images
docker rmi -f $()
2.3查找镜像
网页上(https://hub.docker.com/)可以查找你需要得image，和docker search redis 结果是一样得
#根据条件查找
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker search redis --filter=stars=500
2.4下载镜像
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker pull centos #没有设置tag ,默认拉取:latest
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker pull centos:7
2.5创建镜像
当我们从 docker 镜像仓库中下载的镜像不能满足我们的需求时，我们可以通过以下两种方式对镜像进行更改。
- 1、从已经创建的容器中更新镜像，并且提交这个镜像
#1.运行一个容器
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker run --name=centos01 -it centos:7 /bin/bash
#2.在容器内做你想做得操作然后退出容器
#3 docker commit 来提交容器副本
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker commit -m="test" -a="wangxing" 41fff8e1d760 centos:7.1w
#4.查看我们的新镜像
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker images
各个参数说明：
-m: 提交的描述信息
-a: 指定镜像作者
41fff8e1d760：容器 ID
centos:7.1w: 指定要创建的目标镜像名
- 2、使用 Dockerfile 指令来创建一个新的镜像
docker build 构建一个新得镜像 ,需要创建一个新得Dockerfile,其中包含一组指令来告诉 Docker 如何构建我们的镜像。
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER Fisher "fisher@sudops.com"
RUN /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
RUN useradd runoob
RUN /bin/echo 'runoob:123456' |chpasswd
RUN /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
EXPOSE 22
EXPOSE 80
CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D
每一个指令都会在镜像上创建一个新的层，每一个指令的前缀都必须是大写的。
第一条FROM，指定使用哪个镜像源
RUN 指令告诉docker 在镜像内执行命令，安装了什么。。。
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker build -t centos:7.2w .
参数说明：
- -t ：指定要创建的目标镜像名
- . ：Dockerfile 文件所在目录，可以指定Dockerfile 的绝对路径
设置镜像标签
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker tag 5643da3e0475 centos:7.2wtag
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker images
3.容器命令
docker run 镜像ID #新建容器并启动
docker ps #列出所有运行的容器 docker container list
docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #启动容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
3.1 docker run
-a stdin #指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；
-d: #后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；
-i: #以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
-t: #为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
--name="": #为容器指定一个名称；
-h "mars": #指定容器的hostname；
-e username="ritchie": #设置环境变量；
--env-file=[]: #从指定文件读入环境变量；
--dns 8.8.8.8: #指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；
--dns-search example.com: #指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；
-m : #设置容器使用内存最大值；
--net="bridge": #指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型；
--link=[]: #添加链接到另一个容器；
--expose=[]:#开放一个端口或一组端口；
-v: #绑定一个卷
-P: #随机端口映射，容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口
-p: #指定端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
3.2 docker ps
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker ps --help
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
Options:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print containers using a Go template
-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only display container IDs
-s, --size Display total file sizes
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker ps -a
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker ps -n 2
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker ps -l
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker ps -s
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker ps -q
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker ps -f name=redis01
| Filter | Description |
|---|---|
id | Container’s ID |
name | Container’s name |
label | An arbitrary string representing either a key or a key-value pair. Expressed as <key> or <key>=<value> |
exited | An integer representing the container’s exit code. Only useful with --all. |
status | One of created, restarting, running, removing, paused, exited, or dead |
ancestor | Filters containers which share a given image as an ancestor. Expressed as <image-name>[:<tag>], <image id>, or <image@digest> |
before or since | Filters containers created before or after a given container ID or name |
volume | Filters running containers which have mounted a given volume or bind mount. |
network | Filters running containers connected to a given network. |
publish or expose | Filters containers which publish or expose a given port. Expressed as <port>[/<proto>] or <startport-endport>/[<proto>] |
health | Filters containers based on their healthcheck status. One of starting, healthy, unhealthy or none. |
isolation | Windows daemon only. One of default, process, or hyperv. |
is-task | Filters containers that are a “task” for a service. Boolean option (true or false) |
3.3 docker rm
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker rm --help
Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Remove one or more containers
Options:
-f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
-l, --link Remove the specified link
-v, --volumes Remove anonymous volumes associated with the container
#docker rm 容器名字/ID 不能删除正在运行得容器,可以使用docker rm -f
#移除所有停止的容器
docker rm $(docker ps --filter status=exited -q)
#移除容器和它的数据卷
docker rm -v redis01
3.4 docker start
3.5 docker restart
3.6 docker stop
3.7 docker kill —kill 一个或多个容器
4.常用其他命令
4.1后台运行容器
docker run -d 镜像ID
# 问题docker ps, 发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑, docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
解决方式
1.docker run --name=centos02 -d -it centos:7 /bin/bash
2.在启动脚本里面增加一个执行进程：(做一个死循环，持续输出任意)
docker run -d --name=centos03 centos:7 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
4.2 查看日志
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker logs --help
Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
-f, --follow #跟踪日志输出
--since string #显示某个开始时间的所有日志
-n, --tail string #仅列出最新N条容器日志 (default "all")
-t, --timestamps #显示时间戳
--until string #显示某个结束时间的所有日志
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker logs -n 10 -t redis01
4.3查看容器中得进程信息
docker top 容器id
4.4查看镜像源数据
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker inspect redis01 #容器id/name
[
{
"Id": "d6a0525b37504865629c93a00eefc0cf0e94921a65f1d65b9d0f4dcafaa7e42d",
"Created": "2021-04-09T09:15:32.484963252Z",
"Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"redis-server"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 32477,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-04-09T09:20:29.934524198Z",
"FinishedAt": "2021-04-09T09:20:10.144792208Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:7f33e76fcb56c96639cd127aca5f6cb61c526c3c6013048f637c32e863b7b012",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6a0525b37504865629c93a00eefc0cf0e94921a65f1d65b9d0f4dcafaa7e42d/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6a0525b37504865629c93a00eefc0cf0e94921a65f1d65b9d0f4dcafaa7e42d/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6a0525b37504865629c93a00eefc0cf0e94921a65f1d65b9d0f4dcafaa7e42d/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6a0525b37504865629c93a00eefc0cf0e94921a65f1d65b9d0f4dcafaa7e42d/d6a0525b37504865629c93a00eefc0cf0e94921a65f1d65b9d0f4dcafaa7e42d-json.log",
"Name": "/redis01",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0576e2c8a2e11c76dbfeb687e18141191e2c13f8ef51396771a4875c7c1586f0-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b95ae13a63e6c5658af6f9efc550ace5fa20ecf6d23e16b5051d5b65b36da32a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/622caa3389fa64710e9fc1c2406274f4f7e7ce7f4e7790356dd5e3416fd024a0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8d2c793c0614d5441f8513e648b2f636858598e8428cb916e134986f2b967f26/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/50bc5f5ef3d05579dbcf2764bfd941037f919cadb195516bf3eb6cf5acb04631/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1c73be575a123bfe712122769a3870f27c3ea8679fe536c1099df59d5865f583/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e8cf2071e7d9b36fb57c537bde819666c714f3b24a658c673df7622ff6336851/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0576e2c8a2e11c76dbfeb687e18141191e2c13f8ef51396771a4875c7c1586f0/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0576e2c8a2e11c76dbfeb687e18141191e2c13f8ef51396771a4875c7c1586f0/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0576e2c8a2e11c76dbfeb687e18141191e2c13f8ef51396771a4875c7c1586f0/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "c9067efe46ede5b1b668fc00b1e35b7ed510fc7b95662341073f730a47927308",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/c9067efe46ede5b1b668fc00b1e35b7ed510fc7b95662341073f730a47927308/_data",
"Destination": "/data",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "d6a0525b3750",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"6379/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
"REDIS_VERSION=6.2.1",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.1.tar.gz",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=cd222505012cce20b25682fca931ec93bd21ae92cb4abfe742cf7b76aa907520"
],
"Cmd": [
"redis-server"
],
"Image": "redis",
"Volumes": {
"/data": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "/data",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "ee3f599e6d928a08fd0b34d785c7d03056909389c8942a705d43e5f40906fb11",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"6379/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ee3f599e6d92",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "0dfd99feedb6d9a2314c40ab3cfc1abf42e243135110a09589f5b30557b0d44a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "fa10e19790b36b0053727f1ddb39eb939050d9d6a48999a0ae81803666a150e2",
"EndpointID": "0dfd99feedb6d9a2314c40ab3cfc1abf42e243135110a09589f5b30557b0d44a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
4.5进入正在运行的容器
root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker exec --help
Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
Run a command in a running container
Options:
-d, --detach Detached mode: run command in the background
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
-e, --env list Set environment variables
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--privileged Give extended privileges to the command
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
docker exec -it 容器id baseShell #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker exec -it redis01 /bin/bash
root@d6a0525b3750:/data#
docker attach 容器id #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
4.6从容器内拷贝到主机上
#容器到主机
docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
#先在运行的容器中/usr/local/下，增加一个testcp文件，将文件copy到主机的相应位置下
#主机到容器
docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH
5.镜像仓库命令
5.1 login/logout
docker login -u -p #登陆到一个Docker镜像仓库，如果未指定镜像仓库地址，默认为官方仓库 Docker Hub
docker logout #登出一个Docker镜像仓库，如果未指定镜像仓库地址，默认为官方仓库 Docker Hub
5.2 pull
docker pull #从镜像仓库中拉取或者更新指定镜像
docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
#OPTIONS
-a 拉取所有 tagged 镜像
5.3 push
我们在上面docker commit时更新了镜像，现在我们将centos:7.1w push到Docker Hub, 必须先登录
https://hub.docker.com/ 注册
登陆后还是denied,因为推送镜像的规范是：docker push 注册用户名/镜像名
tag命令修改为规范的镜像，然后推送(推送Docker Hub速度很慢，耐心等待，很有可能失败，失败会尝试多次重传)
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