这篇主要实现以下几个功能:使用自定义控件,设置背景色,设置点击时间,每次点击生成4位随机数,这些功能。
1、自定义View的属性,首先在res/values/ 下建立一个attrs.xml , 在里面定义我们的属性和声明我们的整个样式,这里面我定义了字体,字体颜色,字体大小3个属性,format是值该属性的取值类型:一共有:string,color,demension,integer,enum,reference,float,boolean,fraction,flag;如果不了解可以查一下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<declare-styleable name="MyTextView">
<attr name="titleText" format="string"/>
<attr name="titleTextColor" format="color"/>
<attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension"/>
</declare-styleable>
</resources>
2.然后我们可以在我们的布局中声明自定义View控件,我们用custom的时候一定要引入一个
xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"我们的命名空间,后面的包路径指的是项目的package
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
tools:context="com.bwie.text.MainActivity">
<com.bwie.text.MyTextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:padding="10dp"
custom:titleText="3712"
custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"
custom:titleTextSize="40sp"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
3.首先我们可以先初始化一个画笔,然后在View的构造方法中,获得我们的自定义的样式,在View的构造方法中获得我们自定义的属性,重写onMesure ,一般来说,自定义控件都会去重写View的onMeasure方法,因为该方法指定该控件
在屏幕上的大小。重写onDraw:这个方法主要用于绘制界面,传入的参数是一个Canvas对象,作为整个View界面的画布,系统会帮我们测量的高度和宽度都是MATCH_PARNET,当我们设置明确的宽度和高度时,系统帮我们测量的结果就是我们设置的结果,当我们设置WRAP_CONTENT,或者MATCH_PARENT系统帮我们测量的结果就是MATCH_PARENT的长度。所以,当设置了WRAP_CONTENT时,我们需要自己进行测量,即重写onMesure方法”:
重写之前先了解MeasureSpec的specMode,一共三种类型:
EXACTLY:一般是设置了明确的值或者是MATCH_PARENT
AT_MOST:表示子布局限制在一个最大值内,一般为WARP_CONTENT
UNSPECIFIED:表示子布局想要多大就多大,很少使用
然后把大小设置好以后,我们在给控件设置一个点击的事件setOnClickListener可以参考下面的代码package com.bwie.text;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.View;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Set;
public class MyTextView extends View {
private String mTitleText;
private int mTitleTextColor;
private int mTitleTextSize;
/**
* 画笔
*/
private Paint mPaint;
/**
* view的矩形背景
*/
private Rect mBound;
public MyTextView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
/**
* 获得自定义的属性
*
* @param context
* @param attrs
* @param defStyleAttr
*/
public MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
/**
* 获得我们自定义的一些属性
*/
TypedArray a = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.MyTextView, defStyleAttr, 0);
mTitleText = randomText(); //初始化显示的数字
for (int i = 0; i < a.getIndexCount(); i++) {
int attr = a.getIndex(i);
switch (attr) {
case R.styleable.MyTextView_titleText:
mTitleText = a.getString(attr);
break;
case R.styleable.MyTextView_titleTextColor:
mTitleTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);
break;
case R.styleable.MyTextView_titleTextSize:
//设置默认大小为16
mTitleTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(
TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));
break;
}
}
//将TypedArray对象回收
a.recycle();
/**
* 初始化画笔
*/
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
mBound = new Rect();
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);
/**
* 模仿点击换验证码
*/
this.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
mTitleText = randomText();
postInvalidate();
}
});
}
/**
* 获取四位随机数验证码
*
* @return
*/
private String randomText() {
Random random = new Random();
Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();
while (set.size() < 4) {
int randomInt = random.nextInt(10);
set.add(randomInt);
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Integer i : set) {
sb.append("" + i);
}
return sb.toString();
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
/**
* 处理当宽高都是wrap_content的情况
*/
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int width = 0;
int height = 0;
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
width = widthSize;
} else {
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);
float textWidth = mBound.width();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingLeft() + textWidth + getPaddingRight());
width = desired;
}
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
height = heightSize;
} else {
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);
float textWidth = mBound.height();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingTop() + textWidth + getPaddingBottom());
height = desired;
}
setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
/**
* 绘制文字和矩形
*/
mPaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint);
mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
canvas.drawText(mTitleText, getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mPaint);
}
}