SpringMVC框架整理

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-13 22:48:29 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-13 22:48:29 发布

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文章标签： mvc spring java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Start1234567/article/details/107932729

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1、SpringMVC

1、运行原理

在这里插入图片描述

Dispatcher— 前端控制器

HandlerMapping — 处理映射器

HandlerAdapter — 处理适配器

ViewResolver — 视图解析器

流程：

用户请求页面，
前端控制器调用处理映射器得到对应的请求信息
前端控制器调用处理适配器，执行对应的controller，得到数据后返回前端控制器，
前端控制器将得到的数据通过视图解析器解析
最后通过视图解析器跳转到对应的视图展示

2、第一个简单项目

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动级别-1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!--/ 匹配所有的请求；（不包括.html 静态资源，要想访问静态资源需要在 spring 配置文件中配置静态资源解析 <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> ）-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--添加 处理映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--添加 处理器适配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>

    <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--Handler-->
    <bean id="/hello" class="com.cl.controller.HelloController"/>

</beans>

helloController

public class HelloController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        //ModelAndView 模型和视图
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();

        //封装对象，放在ModelAndView中。Model
        mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");
        //封装要跳转的视图，放在ModelAndView中
        mv.setViewName("hello"); //: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
        return mv;
    }
}

3、使用注解开发项目（常用）

配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动级别-1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!--/ 匹配所有的请求；（不包括.html 静态资源，要想访问静态资源需要在 spring 配置文件中配置静态资源解析 <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> ）-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <!--配置SpringMVC过滤器解决乱码问题-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>


</web-app>

配置spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效，都ioc容器统一管理-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.cl.controller"/>
    <!--静态资源过滤 （jsp、js...） -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
     <!--开启注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

HelloController

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String send(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello word");
        return "hello";
    }
}

注意点：idea 要创建lib，并导包

在这里插入图片描述

4、重定向和转发

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String send(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello word");
        //重定向
        return "redirect:hello";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/hello2")
    public String send2(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello word");
        //转发
        return "forward:hello";
    }
}

视图解析器默认是转发，不用视图解析器需要加 redirect、 forward 来实现重定向和转发。

5、 Json字符串

5.1、第一种使用Jackson

导入架包

 <!-- jackson - json解析 -->
<dependency>
     <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
     <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
     <version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>

将对象转换成Json字符串

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/g1")
    @ResponseBody
    public String getUser() throws JsonProcessingException {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("小王");
        user.setAge(12);

        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String s = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        
        return s;
    }
}

SpringMVC解决Json字符串乱码（在Spring核心配置文件中配置）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效，都ioc容器统一管理-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.cl.controller"/>

    <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--springmvc 统一解决json中文乱码问题-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

</beans>

5.2、第二种使用Fastjson（常用）

导入依赖架包

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.72</version>
</dependency>

使用

1.json字符串转换为对象
		String jsonString="{'idcard':'42313123','id':'2345'}";
		Channelbankcard c =JSONObject.parseObject(jsonString, Channelbankcard.class);
		System.out.println(c.getIdcard()+"  "+c.getId());  //输出 42313123 2345
2.json字符串转换为map
		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
		Map<String,String> map = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonString, Map.class);
		System.out.println(map.get("idcard")+" "+map.get("id")); //输出 42313123 2345
3.将对象转换为json字符串
		String jsonstr=JSON.toJSONString(c);
		System.out.println(jsonstr); //输出{"id":"2345","idcard":"42313123"}
4./将String转换成JSONObjct格式  
		 String str = "{\"result\":\"success\",\"message\":\"成功！\"}";  
	   JSONObject json;  
	   json = JSONObject.parseObject(str);  
	   System.out.println(json);   //输出  {"result":"success","message":"成功！"}
5.将string转换成JSONArray 
        String str1 = "{\"result\":\"success\",\"message\":\"成功！\",\"data\":[{\"name\":\"Tom\",\"age\":\"20\"}]}";  
	    JSONObject json;  
	    json = JSONObject.parseObject(str1);  
	    System.out.println(json); 
	    //输出 {"result":"success","data":[{"name":"Tom","age":"20"}],"message":"成功！"}
	    JSONArray jsonArray = JSONArray.parseArray(json.getString("data"));  
	    //输出 [{"name":"Tom","age":"20"}]

6、文件上传下载

@Controller
public class FIleUploadController {

    //@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装成CommonsMultipartFile 对象
    //批量上传CommonsMultipartFile则为数组即可
    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {

        //获取文件名 : file.getOriginalFilename();
        String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

        //如果文件名为空，直接回到首页！
        if ("".equals(uploadFileName)){
            return "redirect:/index.jsp";
        }
        System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName);

        //上传路径保存设置
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        //如果路径不存在，创建一个
        File realPath = new File(path);
        if (!realPath.exists()){
            realPath.mkdir();
        }
        System.out.println("上传文件保存地址："+realPath);

        InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流
        OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName)); //文件输出流

        //读取写出
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
            os.flush();
        }
        os.close();
        is.close();
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/download")
    public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response , HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
        //要下载的图片地址
        String  path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        String  fileName = "基础语法.jpg";

        //1、设置response 响应头
        response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
        response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
        //设置响应头
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
                "attachment;fileName="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));

        File file = new File(path,fileName);
        //2、 读取文件--输入流
        InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file);
        //3、 写出文件--输出流
        OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

        byte[] buff =new byte[1024];
        int index=0;
        //4、执行 写出操作
        while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){
            out.write(buff, 0, index);
            out.flush();
        }
        out.close();
        input.close();
        return null;
    }
}