130. Surrounded Regions

130. Surrounded Regions

Medium

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Given an m x n matrix board containing 'X' and 'O', capture all regions that are 4-directionally surrounded by 'X'.

A region is captured by flipping all 'O's into 'X's in that surrounded region.

Example 1:

Input: board = [["X","X","X","X"],["X","O","O","X"],["X","X","O","X"],["X","O","X","X"]]
Output: [["X","X","X","X"],["X","X","X","X"],["X","X","X","X"],["X","O","X","X"]]
Explanation: Surrounded regions should not be on the border, which means that any 'O' on the border of the board are not flipped to 'X'. Any 'O' that is not on the border and it is not connected to an 'O' on the border will be flipped to 'X'. Two cells are connected if they are adjacent cells connected horizontally or vertically.

Example 2:

Input: board = [["X"]]
Output: [["X"]]

Constraints:

• m == board.length
• n == board[i].length
• 1 <= m, n <= 200
• board[i][j] is 'X' or 'O'.

解法一：

class Solution:
    def solve(self, board: List[List[str]]) -> None:
        """
        Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.

        board = [["X", "X", "X", "X"],
             ["X", "O", "O", "X"],
             ["X", "X", "O", "X"],
             ["X", "O", "X", "X"]]
        Solution().solve(board)

        board = [["X"]]
        Solution().solve(board)

        board = [["O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "X"],
             ["O", "X", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "X"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O"],
             ["X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "X"],
             ["X", "X", "O", "O", "X", "O", "X", "O", "X"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "X", "X", "O", "O"]]
        Solution().solve(board)

        解题思路：connect[][] 标记坐标联通性 
        遍历矩阵，找到“O”时且connect[x][y]未联通，则从当前位置开始广度优先搜索，
        bfs记录沿途的的所有“O”坐标点，并暂时标记为“X”。
        若周围存在边界点或者前面被标记connect联通的坐标，直接失败，并对
        中途暂时标记为X的点还原成O，并标记为联通

        时间复杂度：O(n*m) 空间复杂度：O(n*m)
        """

        # 广度优先染色
        def bfs(x: int, y: int):
            allPoints = [[x, y]]
            points = [[x, y]]
            board[x][y] = "X"

            # 把所有联通的“O”标记
            fail = False
            while not fail and len(points) > 0:
                [x0, y0] = points.pop(0)
                for d in direction:
                    x1 = x0 + d[0]
                    y1 = y0 + d[1]
                    if x1 < 0 or x1 >= n or y1 < 0 or y1 >= m or connect[x1][y1]:
                        # 到达边界流通了，或者和别人联通了
                        fail = True
                        break
                    if board[x1][y1] == "O":
                        # 暂时染色
                        board[x1][y1] = "X"
                        points.append([x1, y1])
                        allPoints.append([x1, y1])

            if fail:
                for p in allPoints:
                    board[p[0]][p[1]] = "O"
                    connect[p[0]][p[1]] = True

        n, m = len(board), len(board[0])
        # 标记联通的坐标
        connect = [[False for j in range(m)] for i in range(n)]
        direction = [[-1, 0], [0, -1], [1, 0], [0, 1]]

        for i in range(n):
            for j in range(m):
                if not connect[i][j] and board[i][j] == "O":
                    bfs(i, j)

解法二：时间和空间优化

class Solution:
    def solve(self, board: List[List[str]]) -> None:
        """
        Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.

        board = [["X", "X", "X", "X"],
             ["X", "O", "O", "X"],
             ["X", "X", "O", "X"],
             ["X", "O", "X", "X"]]
        Solution().solve(board)

        board = [["X"]]
        Solution().solve(board)

        board = [["O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "X"],
             ["O", "X", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "X"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O"],
             ["X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "X"],
             ["X", "X", "O", "O", "X", "O", "X", "O", "X"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "X", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O"],
             ["O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "X", "X", "O", "O"]]
        Solution().solve(board)

        解题思路：从四周对“O”周围进行bfs染色为“.", 最后遍历矩阵将“.”设置成“O”，“O”设置成“X”

        时间复杂度：O(n*m) 空间复杂度：O(1)
        """

        # 广度优先染色
        def bfs(x: int, y: int):
            points = [[x, y]]
            board[x][y] = "."

            # 把所有联通的“O”标记
            while len(points) > 0:
                [x0, y0] = points.pop()
                for d in direction:
                    x1 = x0 + d[0]
                    y1 = y0 + d[1]
                    if x1 < 0 or x1 >= n or y1 < 0 or y1 >= m:
                        # 边界
                        continue
                    if board[x1][y1] == "O":
                        # 染色
                        board[x1][y1] = "."
                        points.append([x1, y1])

        n, m = len(board), len(board[0])
        direction = [[-1, 0], [0, -1], [1, 0], [0, 1]]

        for i in range(n):
            if board[i][0] == "O":
                bfs(i, 0)
            if board[i][m - 1] == "O":
                bfs(i, m - 1)
        for j in range(m):
            if board[0][j] == "O":
                bfs(0, j)
            if board[n - 1][j] == "O":
                bfs(n - 1, j)

        for i in range(n):
            for j in range(m):
                if board[i][j] == "O":
                    board[i][j] = "X"
                elif board[i][j] == ".":
                    board[i][j] = "O"