RabbitMQ--简单模式-工作队列模式-订阅发布模式-路由模式-通配符模式

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-20 21:12:08 发布

Strong_shady

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-20 21:12:08 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Strong_shady/article/details/119796225

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原理图

在这里插入图片描述

原生生产者代码

/**
 * 简单模式：发送消息
 */
public class Producer {
    static final String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 创建连接工厂（设置RabbitMQ的连接参数）；
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        //主机；默认localhost
        connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
        //连接端口；默认5672
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        //虚拟主机；默认/
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        //用户名；默认guest
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        //密码；默认guest
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");

        //2. 创建连接；
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3. 创建频道；
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4. 声明队列；
        /**
         * 参数1：队列名称
         * 参数2：是否定义持久化队列（消息会持久化保存在服务器上）
         * 参数3：是否独占本连接
         * 参数4：是否在不使用的时候队列自动删除
         * 参数5：其它参数
         */
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);
        //5. 发送消息；
        String message = "你好。";

        /**
         * 参数1：交换机名称；如果没有则指定空字符串（表示使用默认的交换机）
         * 参数2：路由key，简单模式中可以使用队列名称
         * 参数3：消息其它属性
         * 参数4：消息内容
         */
        channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("已发送消息：" + message);
        //6. 关闭资源
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

原生消费者代码

public class ComsumerHi {
    static final String QUEUE_NAME="hello_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");

        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare("hello_queue",true,false,false,null);


        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                //路由key
                System.out.println("路由key为：" + envelope.getRoutingKey());
                //交换机
                System.out.println("交换机为：" + envelope.getExchange());
                //消息id
                System.out.println("消息id为：" + envelope.getDeliveryTag());
                //接收到的消息
                System.out.println("接收到的消息为：" + new String(body, "utf-8"));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,defaultConsumer);
    }
}

2.工作队列模式(包工头)

在同一个队列中可以有多个消费者，消费者之间对于消息的接收是竞争关系。

注：在简单模式的基础上直接再启动多几个consumer就行了

3.订阅发布模式(联想微博)：

一个消息可以被多个消费者接收；其实是使用了订阅模式，交换机类型为：fanout广播

生产者代码：

public class PubSub {
    static final String SMS_QUEUE="sms_queue";
    static final String EMAIL_QUEUE="email_queue";

    static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE="fanout_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");

        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.exchangeDeclare(FANOUT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT,true,false,false,null);


        channel.queueDeclare(SMS_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(EMAIL_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);

        channel.queueBind(SMS_QUEUE,FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");
        channel.queueBind(EMAIL_QUEUE,FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");

        String msg ="gwiogj";

        channel.basicPublish(FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"",null,msg.getBytes());

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者：

只需要修改一处代码，也就是修改队列名即可：

SMS消费者

channel.basicConsume(SMS_QUEUE,true,defaultConsumer);

EMAIL消费者：

channel.basicConsume(EMAIL_QUEUE,true,defaultConsumer);

但是：万一运维率先启动的是消费者，那么开发人员最好把队列和交换机照着生产者代码声明一遍，防止找不到交换机和队列的绑定关系

★★★4.路由模式(分布式日志收集)：

比发布/订阅模式更灵活。
Routing 路由模式要求队列绑定到交换机的时候指定路由key；消费发送时候需要携带路由key；只有消息的路由key与队列路由key完全一致才能让该队列接收到消息。

生产者：

public class ProducerRouting {
    static final String ALERT_QUEUE="alert_queue";
    static final String LOG_QUEUE="log_queue";

    static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE="direct_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.exchangeDeclare(DIRECT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT,true,false,false,null);


        channel.queueDeclare(ALERT_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(LOG_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);

//        第三个参数声明路由Key
        channel.queueBind(ALERT_QUEUE,DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"error");
        channel.queueBind(LOG_QUEUE,DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"info");
        channel.queueBind(LOG_QUEUE,DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"warning");
        channel.queueBind(LOG_QUEUE,DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"error");

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            String msg ="正常info";
            channel.basicPublish(DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"info",null,msg.getBytes());
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            String msg ="异常error";
            channel.basicPublish(DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"error",null,msg.getBytes());
        }


        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者：

在生产者的队列和交换机都在消费者代码声明好的前提下，只需改动消费者监听的队列名称即可

public class RoutingConsumer {

    static final String ALERT_QUEUE="alert_queue";
    static final String LOG_QUEUE="log_queue";

    static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE="direct_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");

        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare("hello_queue",true,false,false,null);
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DIRECT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT,true,false,false,null);


        channel.queueDeclare(ALERT_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(LOG_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);

//        第三个参数声明路由Key
        channel.queueBind(ALERT_QUEUE,DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"error");
        channel.queueBind(LOG_QUEUE,DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"info");
        channel.queueBind(LOG_QUEUE,DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"warning");
        channel.queueBind(LOG_QUEUE,DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"error");


        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                //路由key
                System.out.println("路由key为：" + envelope.getRoutingKey());
                //交换机
                System.out.println("交换机为：" + envelope.getExchange());
                //消息id
                System.out.println("消息id为：" + envelope.getDeliveryTag());
                //接收到的消息
                System.out.println("接收到的消息为：" + new String(body, "utf-8"));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(LOG_QUEUE,true,defaultConsumer);
    }
}

topics通配符模式(路由模式升级版)：

可以根据路由key将消息传递到对应路由key的队列；队列绑定到交换机的路由key可以有多个；通配符模式中路由key可以使用 * 和 # ；使用了通配符模式之后对于路由Key的配置更加灵活。

生产者：

public class ProducerTopics {
    static final String GUANGZHOU_XIAOZHANG_QUEUE="guangzhou_xiaozhang_queue";
    static final String ZONGBU_CAIWU_QUEUE="zongbu_caiwu_queue";

    static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE="topic_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.exchangeDeclare(TOPIC_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC,true,false,false,null);


        channel.queueDeclare(GUANGZHOU_XIAOZHANG_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(ZONGBU_CAIWU_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);

//        第三个参数声明路由Key
        ★★★channel.queueBind(GUANGZHOU_XIAOZHANG_QUEUE,TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"guangzhou.*.*");
        ★★★channel.queueBind(ZONGBU_CAIWU_QUEUE,TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"*.caiwu.*");


        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            String msg ="正常info";
            channel.basicPublish(TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"guangzhou.caiwu.info",null,msg.getBytes());
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            String msg ="异常error";
            channel.basicPublish(TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"guangzhou.renshi.error",null,msg.getBytes());
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            String msg ="success";
            channel.basicPublish(TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"Santeeyago.caiwu.info",null,msg.getBytes());
        }


        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者：

public class TopicsConsumerXiaozhang {

    static final String GUANGZHOU_XIAOZHANG_QUEUE="guangzhou_xiaozhang_queue";
    static final String ZONGBU_CAIWU_QUEUE="zongbu_caiwu_queue";

    static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE="topic_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");

        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.exchangeDeclare(TOPIC_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC,true,false,false,null);


        channel.queueDeclare(GUANGZHOU_XIAOZHANG_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(ZONGBU_CAIWU_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);

//        第三个参数声明路由Key
        channel.queueBind(GUANGZHOU_XIAOZHANG_QUEUE,TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"guangzhou.*.*");
        channel.queueBind(ZONGBU_CAIWU_QUEUE,TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"*.caiwu.*");


        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                //路由key
                System.out.println("路由key为：" + envelope.getRoutingKey());
                //交换机
                System.out.println("交换机为：" + envelope.getExchange());
                //消息id
                System.out.println("消息id为：" + envelope.getDeliveryTag());
                //接收到的消息
                System.out.println("接收到的消息为：" + new String(body, "utf-8"));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(GUANGZHOU_XIAOZHANG_QUEUE,true,defaultConsumer);
    }
}

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RabbitMQ--简单模式-工作队列模式-订阅发布模式-路由模式-通配符模式

原理图原生生产者代码/** * 简单模式：发送消息 */public class Producer { static final String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1. 创建连接工厂（设置RabbitMQ的连接参数）； ConnectionFactory connectionFactory
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