虽然android的官方参考文档没有msdn那么强大,但是仔细研读,还是有不少收获的。基于这个动力,我要从官方demo代码中开始我的android探索之旅。
1. 当一个android应用启动时,系统会首先加载action=MAIN且category=LAUNCHER的activity。从配置文件AndroidManifest.xml中可以看出,
- <activity android:name="ApiDemos">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
ApiDemos.java是API Demos应用的入口,所以我从这个类开始入手。
2. ApiDemos.java代码加上个人注释如下:
- /*
- * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- package com.example.android.apis;
- import android.app.ListActivity;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
- import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.ListView;
- import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;
- import java.text.Collator;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Collections;
- import java.util.Comparator;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- /*
- * 主要是通过对Activity的label信息进行分析,从而将Activity进行分类并通过ListView显示出来。
- * 例如<activity android:name=".app.HelloWorld" android:label="@string/activity_hello_world">的label为
- * App/Activity/Hello World,程序运行的结果是一级目录含有App选项,点击App出现的二级目录含有Activity选项,
- * 点击Activity出现的三级目录含有Hello World选项,点击Hello World会出现Hello World这个Activity运行的结果
- */
- public class ApiDemos extends ListActivity {
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- Intent intent = getIntent();
- /*
- * 当程序启动要显示一级目录(App, Content, ...)时,Intent对象里绑定的附加信息path为空
- * 当点击一级目录选项进入二级目录(例如App下的Activity, Alarm, ...)时,path就不为空了(例如为App)
- */
- String path = intent.getStringExtra("com.example.android.apis.Path");
- if (path == null) {
- path = "";
- }
- // 通过adapter为当前ListActivity传递数据
- setListAdapter(new SimpleAdapter(this, getData(path),
- android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, new String[] { "title" },
- new int[] { android.R.id.text1 }));
- // 允许当前ListView可以根据用户输入的值进行过滤
- getListView().setTextFilterEnabled(true);
- }
- /*
- * 获取应用列表,包括一级目录,二级目录,等等
- */
- protected List getData(String prefix) {
- List<Map> myData = new ArrayList<Map>();
- /*
- * 获取在AndroidManifest.xml文件中的Intent Filter里配置了
- * Intent.ACTION_MAIN和Intent.CATEGORY_SAMPLE_CODE的所有Activity
- */
- Intent mainIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN, null);
- mainIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_SAMPLE_CODE);
- PackageManager pm = getPackageManager();
- List<ResolveInfo> list = pm.queryIntentActivities(mainIntent, 0);
- if (null == list)
- return myData;
- String[] prefixPath;
- // 当要显示一级目录时,prefix为空字符串;当点击App进入要显示二级目录时,prefix为App;
- if (prefix.equals("")) {
- prefixPath = null;
- } else {
- prefixPath = prefix.split("/");
- }
- int len = list.size();
- Map<String, Boolean> entries = new HashMap<String, Boolean>();
- for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
- ResolveInfo info = list.get(i);
- // 获取Activity的label信息,例如App/Activity/Hello World
- CharSequence labelSeq = info.loadLabel(pm);
- String label = labelSeq != null
- ? labelSeq.toString()
- : info.activityInfo.name;
- if (prefix.length() == 0 || label.startsWith(prefix)) {
- // 例如labelPath = [App, Activity, Hello World]
- String[] labelPath = label.split("/");
- // 例如要显示一级目录时nextLabel = "App",要显示二级目录时,nextLabel = "Activity"
- String nextLabel = prefixPath == null ? labelPath[0] : labelPath[prefixPath.length];
- // 当要显示的label为Activity而非目录时,需要为label绑定跳转到相关Activity的Intent
- if ((prefixPath != null ? prefixPath.length : 0) == labelPath.length - 1) {
- addItem(myData, nextLabel, activityIntent(
- info.activityInfo.applicationInfo.packageName,
- info.activityInfo.name));
- } else {
- if (entries.get(nextLabel) == null) {
- addItem(myData, nextLabel, browseIntent(prefix.equals("") ? nextLabel : prefix + "/" + nextLabel));
- entries.put(nextLabel, true);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- // 排序
- Collections.sort(myData, sDisplayNameComparator);
- return myData;
- }
- private final static Comparator<Map> sDisplayNameComparator = new Comparator<Map>() {
- private final Collator collator = Collator.getInstance();
- public int compare(Map map1, Map map2) {
- return collator.compare(map1.get("title"), map2.get("title"));
- }
- };
- /*
- * 为label绑定跳转到相关Activity的Intent
- */
- protected Intent activityIntent(String pkg, String componentName) {
- Intent result = new Intent();
- result.setClassName(pkg, componentName);
- return result;
- }
- /*
- * 为label绑定跳转到当前Activity的Intent,附加信息path为当前目录
- * 例如为Activity这个label绑定的Intent中附加值为App/Activity
- */
- protected Intent browseIntent(String path) {
- Intent result = new Intent();
- result.setClass(this, ApiDemos.class);
- result.putExtra("com.example.android.apis.Path", path);
- return result;
- }
- /*
- * 将符合条件的选项加入List中
- */
- protected void addItem(List<Map> data, String name, Intent intent) {
- Map<String, Object> temp = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- temp.put("title", name);
- temp.put("intent", intent);
- data.add(temp);
- }
- @Override
- protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
- Map map = (Map) l.getItemAtPosition(position);
- Intent intent = (Intent) map.get("intent");
- startActivity(intent);
- }
- }
3. 主要流程为(以App/Activity/Hello World为例):
4. 主要技巧在于将所有的Activity的类别信息配置在AndroidManifest.xml中,充分发挥了配置文件的优势。