Django Tutorial Part2

Django官网tutorial2
1)创建管理用户

python manage.py crestesuperuser

2)run server

python manage.py runserver

3)visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
没有登陆过前面创建的superuser就是登陆页面
登陆过就是admin index page

4)使poll app在admin中可修改
polls/admin.py：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question

admin.site.register(Question)//tell the admin that Question objects have an admin interface

5)在admin index page最下面有了Question

6)点击Questions

7)Click the “What’s up?” question to edit it

8)click上图右上角history
列出了对此对象做的所有更改，以及进行更改的和用户名时间戳
9)自定义admin form
A.重新排序edit form上的字段
polls/admin.py:

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Question


class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ['pub_date', 'question_text']

admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

admin.site.register()第二个参数QuestionAdmin，设置edit form显示的方式

将Date published和Question text变顺序
B.将字段分到不同的fieldsets里
polls/admin.py:

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Question


class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = [
        (None,               {'fields': ['question_text']}),
        ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date']}),
    ]//元组的第一个元素是filedset的标题，例如下图Date information，Question text没有标题是因为第一个元素是None
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

C.将字段详细内容收起
polls/admin.py:

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Question


class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = [
        (None,               {'fields': ['question_text']}),
        ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
    ]
//collapse收起详细内容
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

click上图show显示字段详细内容
D.添加对象
方法一：admin.site.register(Choice)

polls/admin.py:

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Choice, Question
# ...
admin.site.register(Choice)//

Question是ForeignKey，在admin为<select>绿色+的选择框
方法二：inlines相关对象

polls/admin.py:

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Choice, Question


class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
    model = Choice
    extra = 3   //3 slots


class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = [
        (None,               {'fields': ['question_text']}),
        ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
    ]
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]//inlines相关对象

admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

用于输入Choice对象需要大量的屏幕空间。Django提供了一种显示Choice的表格方式

polls/admin.py:

class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
    #...

使用TabularInline（而不是StackedInline）
E.显示对象所有的字段

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = [
        (None,               {'fields': ['question_text']}),//只显示question_text字段
        ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
    ]
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # ...
    list_display = ('question_text', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')

用list_display以元组形式显示所有字段
给was_published_recently方法添加几个属性

polls/models.py

class Question(models.Model):
    # ...
    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    was_published_recently.admin_order_field = 'pub_date'#指定排序字段
    was_published_recently.boolean = True#将True/False变为对号/横
    was_published_recently.short_description = 'Published recently?'#简短描述

以pub_date从近到远的顺序排序
F.过滤功能

通过上图右侧pub_date字段过滤更改列表（Any date,Today,Past 7 days）
polls/admin.py:

list_filter  =  [ 'pub_date' ]

G.搜索功能

polls/admin.py:

search_fields = ['question_text']

通过question_text为关键字搜素
10)自定义admin
将admin page最上面Django administration变为Polls Administration

A.mysite/settings.py:

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],#添加DIRS选项
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

DIRS是加载Django模板时要检查的文件系统列表
B.在templates下创建admin目录，在admin目录下拷贝系统文件的django/contrib/admin/templates/admin/base_site.html
找系统文件路径

替换base_site.html下面代码:

{% block branding %}
<h1 id="site-name"><a href="{% url 'admin:index' %}">Polls Administration</a></h1>
{% endblock %}

11)更改admin index page中application的顺序（Polls）
在系统文件中拷贝 admin/index.html（同base_site.html）,并通过index.html中app_list更改顺序