来源:力扣(LeetCode)
描述:
给定圆的半径和圆心的位置,实现函数 randPoint
,在圆中产生均匀随机点。
实现 Solution
类:
Solution(double radius, double x_center, double y_center)
用圆的半径radius
和圆心的位置(x_center, y_center)
初始化对象randPoint()
返回圆内的一个随机点。圆周上的一点被认为在圆内。答案作为数组返回[x, y]
。
示例 1:
输入:
["Solution","randPoint","randPoint","randPoint"]
[[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [], [], []]
输出: [null, [-0.02493, -0.38077], [0.82314, 0.38945], [0.36572, 0.17248]]
解释:
Solution solution = new Solution(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
solution.randPoint ();//返回[-0.02493,-0.38077]
solution.randPoint ();//返回[0.82314,0.38945]
solution.randPoint ();//返回[0.36572,0.17248]
提示:
0 < radius <= 10^8^
-10^7^ <= x_center, y_center <= 10^7^
randPoint
最多被调用3 * 10^4^
次
代码:
double g(double x) {
double y = M_PI * x / 2;
while (true) {
const double y2 = y * y;
const double sqrt_1_y2 = sqrt(1 - y2);
const double num = asin(y) + y * sqrt_1_y2 - M_PI * x;
const double den = 2 * sqrt_1_y2;
const double d = num / den;
y -= d;
if (-1e-6 < d && d < 1e-6) break;
}
return y;
}
class Solution {
public:
double x, y, r;
mutable mt19937 re;
Solution(double radius, double x_center, double y_center)
: x(x_center), y(y_center), r(radius), re(random_device{}()) {}
vector<double> randPoint() const {
uniform_real_distribution<double> udx(-0.5, 0.5);
const double dx = r * g(udx(re));
const double my = sqrt(r * r - dx * dx);
uniform_real_distribution<double> udy(-my, my);
const double dy = udy(re);
return {x + dx, y + dy};
}
};
执行用时:80 ms, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了40.00%的用户
内存消耗:26.8 MB, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了6.67%的用户
代码:
class Solution {
public:
double x, y, r;
mutable mt19937 re;
Solution(double radius, double x_center, double y_center)
: x(x_center), y(y_center), r(radius), re(random_device{}()) {}
vector<double> randPoint() const {
uniform_real_distribution<double> udr(0, 1), udt(0, 2 * M_PI);
const auto ur = r * sqrt(udr(re)), ut = udt(re);
return {x + ur * cos(ut), y + ur * sin(ut)};
}
};
执行用时:84 ms, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了29.38%的用户
内存消耗:26.7 MB, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了13.83%的用户
代码:
class Solution {
public:
double x, y, r;
mutable mt19937 re;
Solution(double radius, double x_center, double y_center)
: x(x_center), y(y_center), r(radius), re(random_device{}()) {}
vector<double> randPoint() const {
uniform_real_distribution<double> ud(-r, r);
double dx = ud(re), dy = ud(re);
while (dx * dx + dy * dy > r * r) {
dx = ud(re);
dy = ud(re);
}
return {x + dx, y + dy};
}
};
执行用时:68 ms, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了88.39%的用户
内存消耗:26.4 MB, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了55.80%的用户
author:vclip