Centos7 升级内核版本

1、查看当前内核版本

 

$ uname -r
3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64

$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 18 16:35:19 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

 

2、升级内核

更新yum源仓库

$ yum -y update

启用 ELRepo 仓库

ELRepo 仓库是基于社区的用于企业级 Linux 仓库，提供对 RedHat Enterprise (RHEL) 和 其他基于 RHEL的 Linux 发行版（CentOS、Scientific、Fedora 等）的支持。
ELRepo 聚焦于和硬件相关的软件包，包括文件系统驱动、显卡驱动、网络驱动、声卡驱动和摄像头驱动等。

#导入ELRepo仓库的公共密钥

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

#安装ELRepo仓库的yum源

rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

 

Star Get started
Import the public key:

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org (external link)

Detailed info on the GPG key used by the ELRepo Project can be found on https://www.elrepo.org/tiki/key (external link)
If you have a system with Secure Boot enabled, please see the SecureBootKey page for more information.

To install ELRepo for RHEL-8 or CentOS-8:

yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.0-2.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm (external link)

To make use of our mirror system, please also install yum-plugin-fastestmirror.

To install ELRepo for RHEL-7, SL-7 or CentOS-7:

yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm (external link)

To make use of our mirror system, please also install yum-plugin-fastestmirror.

To install ELRepo for RHEL-6, SL-6 or CentOS-6:

yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-9.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm (external link)

To make use of our mirror system, please also install yum-plugin-fastestmirror.

 

3、查看可用的系统内核包

 

 

[root@localhost]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * elrepo-kernel: mirror-hk.koddos.net
Available Packages
kernel-lt.x86_64                        4.4.210-1.el7.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-devel.x86_64                  4.4.210-1.el7.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-doc.noarch                    4.4.210-1.el7.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-headers.x86_64                4.4.210-1.el7.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools.x86_64                  4.4.210-1.el7.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64             4.4.210-1.el7.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64       4.4.210-1.el7.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-devel.x86_64                  5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo        elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-doc.noarch                    5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo        elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64                5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo        elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools.x86_64                  5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo        elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64             5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo        elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64       5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo        elrepo-kernel
perf.x86_64                             5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo        elrepo-kernel
python-perf.x86_64                      5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo        elrepo-kernel

 

4、安装最新版本内核

[root@localhost]# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * elrepo: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
 * elrepo-kernel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
Package kernel-ml-5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

--enablerepo 选项开启 CentOS 系统上的指定仓库。默认开启的是 elrepo，这里用 elrepo-kernel 替换。

5、设置 grub2

内核安装好后，需要设置为默认启动选项并重启后才会生效

查看系统上的所有可用内核：

$ sudo awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
0 : CentOS Linux (5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)
1 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
2 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1062.1.2.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
3 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
4 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
5 : CentOS Linux (0-rescue-e552d1c51b3b48ad8774af5e159eca4f) 7 (Core)

设置新的内核为grub2的默认版本

服务器上存在4 个内核，我们要使用 5.4这个版本，可以通过 grub2-set-default 0 命令或编辑 /etc/default/grub 文件来设置

方法1、通过 grub2-set-default 0 命令设置

其中 0 是上面查询出来的可用内核

grub2-set-default 0

方法2、编辑 /etc/default/grub 文件

设置 GRUB_DEFAULT=0，通过上面查询显示的编号为 0 的内核作为默认内核：

 

$ vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=cl/root rhgb quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

 

生成 grub 配置文件并重启

 

[root@localhost]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.1.2.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1062.1.2.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-e552d1c51b3b48ad8774af5e159eca4f
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-e552d1c51b3b48ad8774af5e159eca4f.img
done


[root@localhost]#reboot

 

6、验证

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64

7、删除旧内核（可选）

查看系统中全部的内核：

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep kernel
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-1062.1.2.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-ml-5.4.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64

方法1、yum remove 删除旧内核的 RPM 包

$ yum remove kernel-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 \
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64 \
kernel-tools-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64 \
kernel-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64

方法2、yum-utils 工具

如果安装的内核不多于 3 个，yum-utils 工具不会删除任何一个。只有在安装的内核大于 3 个时，才会自动删除旧内核。

安装yum-utils

$ yum install yum-utils

删除旧版本　　

package-cleanup --oldkernels

 

 

 

 

Welcome to the ELRepo Project

"For the community, by the community."

Welcome to ELRepo, an RPM repository for Enterprise Linux packages. ELRepo supports Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and its derivatives (Scientific Linux, CentOS & others).

The ELRepo Project focuses on hardware related packages to enhance your experience with Enterprise Linux. This includes filesystem drivers, graphics drivers, network drivers, sound drivers, webcam and video drivers.


 

 Get started

Import the public key:
 

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

Detailed info on the GPG key used by the ELRepo Project can be found on https://www.elrepo.org/tiki/key
If you have a system with Secure Boot enabled, please see the SecureBootKey page for more information.

To install ELRepo for RHEL-8 or CentOS-8:
 

yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.0-2.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm

To make use of our mirror system, please also install yum-plugin-fastestmirror.

To install ELRepo for RHEL-7, SL-7 or CentOS-7:
 

yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

To make use of our mirror system, please also install yum-plugin-fastestmirror.

To install ELRepo for RHEL-6, SL-6 or CentOS-6:
 

yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-9.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm

To make use of our mirror system, please also install yum-plugin-fastestmirror.


 

 Repository contents

ELRepo contains four channels. You can browse the contents of each channel by clicking on its name.
 

elrepo

This is the main channel and is enabled by default. As this channel should not contain packages also present in the distribution, it should be safe to run a 'yum update' with this repository channel enabled.

For example, to install kmod-r8168 (Realtek r8168 NIC driver):
 

yum install kmod-r8168

Depending on the package being installed or the repository setup, it might be necessary to disable non-elrepo repositories:
 

yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo install kmod-nvidia

 

elrepo-extras

The elrepo-extras channel provides packages and their dependencies that replace/update RHEL distribution packages. It may be enabled in the /etc/yum.repos.d/elrepo.repo file or used with 'yum --enablerepo=elrepo-extras'.
 

elrepo-testing

The elrepo-testing channel provides packages yet to be released to the main channel and is disabled by default. It may be enabled in the /etc/yum.repos.d/elrepo.repo file or used with 'yum --enablerepo=elrepo-testing'.
 

elrepo-kernel

The elrepo-kernel channel provides both the long-term support kernels (which have been configured for RHEL-7 and RHEL-6) and the latest stable mainline kernels (which have been configured for RHEL-8 and RHEL-7) using sources available from the Linux Kernel Archives. Please see the kernel-lt or kernel-ml pages for further details. This channel may be enabled in the /etc/yum.repos.d/elrepo.repo file or used with 'yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel'.
 

 Need help?

• About the ELRepo Project
• ELRepo Blog
• Browse the package collection
• Download packages
• Subscribe to the ELRepo mailing lists
• Report bugs or request drivers through the bug tracker
• Contribute new packages
• Template files are available for kmodspec-el8, kmodspec-el7, kmodspec-el6, kmodtool-el7, kmodtool-el6 and Makefile (el8, el7, el6)