title: Say hello to x86_64 Assembly [part 5]
date: 2020-01-11 23:38:01
tags:
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x86
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x64
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汇编
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assembly
Say hello to x86_64 Assembly [part 5]
这是Say hello to x86_64 Assembly的第五部分,下面我们将介绍宏。它不会是关于x86_64的博客文章,主要是关于nasm汇编程序及其预处理器的。如果你对它感兴趣,请看下一篇。
It is a fifth part of Say hello to x86_64 Assembly and here we will look at macros. It will not be blog post about x86_64, mainly it will be about nasm assembler and it’s preprocessor. If you’re interesting in it read next.
宏
Macros
NASM支持两种形式的宏: -单行 -多行 所有单行宏都必须从%define指令开始。其形式如下:
NASM supports two form of macro:
-
single-line
-
multiline
All single-line macro must start from %define directive. It form is following:
%define macro_name(parameter) value
%define argc rsp + 8 %define cliArg1 rsp + 24
;; ;; argc will be expanded to rsp + 8 ;; mov rax, [argc] cmp rax, 3 jne .mustBe3args
%macro number_of_parameters instruction instruction instruction %endmacro
%macro bootstrap 1 push ebp mov ebp,esp %endmacro
_start: bootstrap
%macro PRINT 1 pusha pushf jmp %%astr %%str db %1, 0 %%strln equ $-%%str %%astr: _syscall_write %%str, %%strln popf popa %endmacro %macro _syscall_write 2 mov rax, 1 mov rdi, 1 mov rsi, %%str mov rdx, %%strln syscall %endmacro
;; write syscall number mov rax, 1 ;; file descriptor, standard output mov rdi, 1 ;; message address mov rsi, msg ;; length of message mov rdx, 14 ;; call write syscall syscall
label: PRINT "Hello World!"
struc person name: resb 10 age: resb 1 endstruc
section .data p: istruc person at name db "name" at age db 25 iend section .text _start: mov rax, [p + person.name]
We can include other assembly files and jump to there labels or call functions with %include directive.
我们可以包含其他程序集文件并跳转到其中的标签或使用%include指令调用函数。
%include
And now we can make instance of our structure:
现在我们可以举例说明我们的结构:
We can use STRUC
and ENDSTRUC
for data structure defintion. For example:
我们可以使用'STRUC'和'ENDSTRUC'来定义数据结构。例如:
struc
结构
NASM supports following standard macros:
NASM支持以下标准宏:
Useful standard macros
有用的标准宏
Now we can use it:
In our __syscall_write macro we define first two instruction for putting 1 to rax (write system call number) and rdi (stdout file descriptor). Than we put %%str to rsi register (pointer to string), where %%str is local label to which is get first parameter of PRINT macro (pay attention that macro parameter access by $parameter_number) and end with 0 (every string must end with zero). And %%strlen which calculates string length. After this we call system call with syscall instruction and that’s all.
在__syscall_write宏中,我们定义了前两条指令,用于将1放入rax(写系统调用号)和rdi(stdout文件描述符)。然后我们将%str放入rsi寄存器(指向字符串的指针),其中,%str是本地标签,它是PRINT宏的第一个参数(注意宏参数通过$parameter_number访问),以0结尾(每个字符串必须以0结尾)。以及计算字符串长度的%strlen。在此之后,我们使用syscall指令调用系统调用,仅此而已。
Let’s try to go through it macro and understand how it works: At first line we defined PRINT macro with one parameter. Than we push all general registers (with pusha instruction) and flag register with (with pushf instruction). After this we jump to %%astr label. Pay attention that all labels which defined in macro must start with %%. Now we move to syscall_write macro with 2 parameter. Let’s look on syscall_write implementation. You can remember that we use write system call in all previous posts for printing string to stdout. It looks like this:
让我们试着浏览一下它的宏并了解它是如何工作的:在第一行,我们用一个参数定义了PRINT宏。然后推送所有通用寄存器(使用pusha指令)和标记寄存器(使用pushf指令)。在此之后,我们将跳转到%%astr label。请注意,宏中定义的所有标签必须以“%”开头。现在我们转到带2个参数的 __syscall_write宏。让我们看看系统调用写入实现。您可以记住,我们在以前的所有文章中都使用写入系统调用将字符串打印到stdout。看起来是这样的:
For example let’s look at PRINT macro:
例如,让我们看看PRINT宏:
And we can use it:
我们可以使用它:
For example:
例如:
Multiline macro starts with %macro nasm directive and end with %endmacro. It general form is following:
多行宏以%macro nasm指令开头,以%endmacro结尾。一般形式如下:
and than use it in code:
在代码中使用它:
Nasm macro behaves and looks very similar as in C. For example, we can create following single-line macro:
Nasm宏的行为和外观与C中的非常相似。例如,我们可以创建以下单行宏: