一,运算符(7种算数运算符,比较运算符,赋值运算符,成员运算符,身份运算符,逻辑运算符,位运算符)
优先级:
(1) 个别运算符:
优先级最高 ** 幂运算
优先级最低 = 赋值运算符
() 括号可以提升运算优先级
(2) 整体 一元运算符 > 二元运算符
一元运算符: 同一时间,只操作一个值 - ~
二元运算符: 同一时间,操作两个值 + - * / ...
(3) 同一层级
逻辑: () > not > and > or
算数: 乘除 > 加减
位运算符: ( << >> ) > & > ^ > |
(4) 其他运算符
算数运算符 > 位运算符 > 比较运算符 > 身份运算符> 成员运算符 > 逻辑运算符
赋值运算符是最后算完进行赋值,做收尾工作的.
"""
res = 5+5 << 6//3 is 40 and True
print(res)
"""
res = 10 << 2 is 40 and True
res = 40 is 40 and True
res = True and True
res = True
"""
# 加上括号包起来,让别人能看懂代码;
res = (5+5) << (6//3) is 40 and True
(1)算术运算符 + - * / // % **
var2 = 4
# +
res = var1 + var2
print(res)
# -
res = var1 - var2
print(res)
# *
res = var1 * var2
print(res)
# / 除法 (结果为小数)
res = var1 / var2
res = 10 / 5
print(res)
# // 地板除 (返回整数)
res = 10 // 5
res = 11 // 4
print(res)
# 如果被除数或者除数是一个小数,结果加上.0
res = 11.0 // 4
print(res)
# % 取余
res = 11 % 4
res = -11 % 4 # -3 + 4 = 1
res = 11 % -4 # 3 + (-4) = -1
res = -11 % -4 # -3(如果被除数和除数都是负数,在正常得到的结果前面填上负号即可.)
print(res)
res = -17 % 7 # -3 + 7 = 4
res = 17 % -7 # 3 + (-7) = -4
res = -17 % -7 #-3
print(res)
# ** 幂运算
res = 3 ** 2
res = 3 ** 4
print(res)
(2)比较运算符> < >= <= == !=
比较运算符只会差生两种结果: True 真的 ,False 假的
var1 = 100
var2 = 100
res = var1 > var2
res = var1 < var2
res = var1 >= var2
res = var1 <= var2
print(res)
# 注意点
res = var1 == var2
print(res)
(3)赋值运算符
= += -= *= /= //= %= **=
# = 从右向左,将右侧的值赋值给左侧变量
var1 = 9
var2 = 2
# +=
"""var1 = var1 + var2"""
# var1 += var2
# print(var1)
# -=
"""var1 = var1 - var2"""
# var1 -= var2
# print(var1)
# *=
"""var1 = var1 * var2"""
# var1 *= var2
# print(var1)
# /=
"""var1 = var1 / var2"""
# var1 /= var2
# print(var1)
# //=
"""var1 = var1 // var2"""
# var1 //= var2
# print(var1)
# %=
"""var1 = var1 % var2"""
# var1 %= var2
# print(var1)
# **=
"""var1 = var1 ** var2"""
var1 **= var2
print(var1)
(4)成员运算符:in 和 not in (针对于容器类型数据)
strvar = "雷霆嘎巴,无情哈拉少"
res = "雷" in strvar
res = "文" not in strvar
res = "无情" in strvar
res = "霆哈少" in strvar
res = ',' not in strvar
print(res)
# list tuple set
lst = ["余锐","高学峰","治理追","温子月","草神光"]
res = "高学峰" in lst
print(res)
tup = ("余锐","高学峰","治理追","温子月","草神光")
res = "李博伦" not in tup
print(res)
setvar = {"金角大王","银角大王","神秘男孩"}
res = "神秘男孩" in setvar
print(res)
# dict
""" in 和 not in 在字典中只判断键,不判断值 """
dic = {"yr":"英俊帅气","bx":"抠脚大汉","mcp":"高大威猛"}
res = "英俊帅气" in dic # False
res = "yr" in dic
res = "mcp" not in dic
print(res)
(5)身份运算符: is和 is not(检测两个数据在内存当中是否是同一个值)
""" 字符串必须是一个连续的片段 """
strvar = "雷霆嘎巴,无情哈拉少"
res = "雷" in strvar
res = "文" not in strvar
res = "无情" in strvar
res = "霆哈少" in strvar
res = ',' not in strvar
print(res)
# list tuple set
lst = ["余锐","高学峰","治理追","温子月","草神光"]
res = "高学峰" in lst
print(res)
tup = ("余锐","高学峰","治理追","温子月","草神光")
res = "李博伦" not in tup
print(res)
setvar = {"金角大王","银角大王","神秘男孩"}
res = "神秘男孩" in setvar
print(res)
# dict
""" in 和 not in 在字典中只判断键,不判断值 """
dic = {"yr":"英俊帅气","bx":"抠脚大汉","mcp":"高大威猛"}
res = "英俊帅气" in dic # False
res = "yr" in dic
res = "mcp" not in dic
print(res)
(6)逻辑运算符: and or not
# and 逻辑与
"""全真则真,一假则假"""
res = True and True # True
res = True and False # False
res = False and True # False
res = False and False # False
print(res)
# or 逻辑或
"""全假则假,一真则真"""
res = True or True # True
res = True or False # True
res = False or True # True
res = False or False # False
print(res)
# not 逻辑非
"""真变假,假变真"""
res = not True
res = not False
print(res)
# 逻辑短路: 如果出现了短路效果,后面的代码不执行
"""
短路:
(1) True or 表达式
(2) False and 表达式
"""
"""
True or print("紫月真胖呀")
True or True => True
True or False => True
False and print("紫月真猛呀")
False and False => False
False and True => False
"""
"""
bool 类型为假的十种情况
0 0.0 0j False '' [] () {} set() None
先用大脑算一下布尔值真假,是否出现短路情况
如果出现了直接返回当前值,没出现,继续向右执行;
"""
res = 5 or 6
res = 0 or 6
res = 0 and 9
print(res)
逻辑运算符的优先级
() > not > and > or
eg:
res = 5 or 6 and 7 # 5 or 7 => 5
res = (5 or 6) and 7 # 5 and 7 => 7
res = not(5 or 6) and 7 # not 5 and 7 => False and 7 =>False
print(res)
res = 1>2 or 3<4 and 5>10 or 11<12 and 13>15 or 100<1000 and 1<2
# res = False or True and False or True and False or True and True
# res = False or False or False or True
# res = False or False or True
# res = False or True
# res = True
print(res)
(7)位运算符 & | ^ << >> ~
# 按位与 &
var1 = 19
var2 = 15
print(var1 & var2)
"""
19的二进制
0000 ... 10011
15的二进制
0000 ... 01111
0000 ... 10011
0000 ... 01111
0000 ... 00011 => 3
"""
# 按位或 |
var1 = 19
var2 = 15
print(var1 | var2)
"""
19的二进制
0000 ... 10011
15的二进制
0000 ... 01111
0000 ... 10011
0000 ... 01111
0000 ... 11111 => 31
"""
# 按位异或 ^ 两个值不一样,返回真,否则返回假
"""
1 0 => 1
1 1 => 0
0 0 => 0
0 1 => 1
"""
var1 = 19
var2 = 15
print(var1 ^ var2)
"""
19的二进制
0000 ... 10011
15的二进制
0000 ... 01111
0000 ... 10011
0000 ... 01111
0000 ... 11100 => 28
"""
# << 左移
""" 左移相当于做乘法 : 5 * 2的n次幂 """
res = 5 << 1 # 10
res = 5 << 2 # 20
res = 5 << 3 # 40
print(res)
"""
0000 ... 101
0000 ... 1010 移动一位 10
0000 10100 移动二位 20
"""
# >> 右移
""" 右移相当于做除法 : 5 // 2的n次幂 """
res = 5 >> 1 # 2
res = 5 >> 2 # 1
res = 5 >> 3 # 0
print(res)
"""
0000 ... 101
0000 ... 010 移动一位 2
0000 ... 001 移动二位 1
0000 ... 000 移动三位 0
"""
# ~ 按位非 (针对于补码进行操作,按位取反,包括符号位)
"""公式: -(n+1)"""
var1 = ~19
print(var1)
"""
~ 按位非每一位都取反,包括符号位,求反码每一位除了符号位,都取反.
原码:0000 ... 10011
反码:0000 ... 10011
补码:0000 ... 10011
补码: 0000 ... 10011
按位非: 1111 ... 01100
给你补码求原码:
补码: 1111 ... 01100
反码: 1000 ... 10011
原码: 1000 ... 10100 => -20
"""
var1 = ~(-22)
print(var1)
"""
原码: 1000 ... 10011
反码: 1111 ... 01100
补码: 1111 ... 01101
补码: 1111 ... 01101
按位非: 0000 ... 10010
给你补码求原码:
正数 : 补码 = 反码 = 原码
原码: 0000 ... 10010 => 18
"""