128陷阱
什么是128陷阱
Byte,Short,Integer,Long,Character,Boolean这五种基本类型的包装类实现了常量池技术。默认在创建了-128 ~ 127的缓存数据,用==进行比较时,如果比较数值在-128 ~ 127范围内,在常量池中指的是同一个对象,返回true;如果超过这个范围,就会创建两个对象,返回false。
引入示例
以Integer为例
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer a = 123;
Integer b = 234;
Integer a1 = 123;
Integer b1 = 234;
// c,d为基本类型
int c = 123;
int d = 234;
System.out.println(a==a1);
System.out.println(b==b1);
// integer和int进行比较时a,b自动拆箱为int类型
System.out.println(a==c);
System.out.println(b==d);
}
返回结果分别是true,false,true,true ;
拆箱装箱
拆箱:Integer自动转换为int类型
Integer a = 123;
// 下面两个表达式等价
int x = a*1-100;
int x1 = a.intValue()*1-100;
Integer不存在*的运算,编译器自动调用intValue()转换为int(拆箱)
.java转换.class编译器(javac),仅转换格式,不涉及运行;jvm只接收.class文件进行运行
装箱:
// 下面两个表达式等价
Integer y = 123;
Integer y1 = Integer.valueOf(123);
源码分析
valueOf()
/**
* Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
* {@code int} value. If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
* required, this method should generally be used in preference to
* the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
* to yield significantly better space and time performance by
* caching frequently requested values.
*
* This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
* inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
*
* @param i an {@code int} value.
* @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
* @since 1.5
*/
// 在IntegerCatch中查找,否则创建一个新的对象
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
IntegerCache
/**
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
// 静态加载块
static {
// high value may be configured by property
//设置高点为127
int h = 127;
//取值
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
//如果该值不为空,先将其转换为int类型,并和127两者比较取最大值。再和Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1取最小值
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
try {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
} catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
// If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
}
}
high = h;
//初始化Catch数组
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
// range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}