128陷阱

128陷阱

什么是128陷阱

Byte，Short，Integer，Long，Character，Boolean这五种基本类型的包装类实现了常量池技术。默认在创建了-128 ~ 127的缓存数据，用==进行比较时，如果比较数值在-128 ~ 127范围内，在常量池中指的是同一个对象，返回true；如果超过这个范围，就会创建两个对象，返回false。

引入示例

以Integer为例

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Integer a = 123;
		Integer b = 234;
		Integer a1 = 123;
		Integer b1 = 234;
//		c,d为基本类型
		int c = 123;
		int d = 234;
		
		System.out.println(a==a1);
		System.out.println(b==b1);
//		integer和int进行比较时a,b自动拆箱为int类型
		System.out.println(a==c);
		System.out.println(b==d);
	}

返回结果分别是true，false，true，true ；

拆箱装箱

拆箱：Integer自动转换为int类型

	Integer a = 123;
//	下面两个表达式等价
	int x = a*1-100;
	int x1 = a.intValue()*1-100;

Integer不存在*的运算，编译器自动调用intValue()转换为int（拆箱）
.java转换.class编译器（javac），仅转换格式，不涉及运行；jvm只接收.class文件进行运行

装箱：

//	下面两个表达式等价
Integer y = 123;
Integer y1 = Integer.valueOf(123);

源码分析

valueOf()

 /**
     * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
     * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
     * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
     * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
     * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
     * caching frequently requested values.
     *
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
     *
     * @param  i an {@code int} value.
     * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
     //	在IntegerCatch中查找，否则创建一个新的对象
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

IntegerCache

 /**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */

    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];
//	静态加载块
        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            //设置高点为127
            int h = 127;
            //取值
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            //如果该值不为空，先将其转换为int类型，并和127两者比较取最大值。再和Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1取最小值
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;
//初始化Catch数组
            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }