多线程01

多线程01

一、Thread类

1. 自定义线程类继承Thread类
2. 重写run方法，编写线程执行体
3. 创建线程对象，调用start方法启动线程

//注意：线程开启不一定立即执行，由CPU决定
public class Thread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学Java--"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Thread1 thread1 = new Thread1();

        thread1.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
        }
        //"我在学Java"穿插在"我在学习多线程"中，多线程实现了
    }
}

练习：多线程同步下载图片

• 要先下载一个工具，commons-io

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestThread1(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为："+name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1("https://img.ivsky.com/img/tupian/co/202007/11/niupai-037.jpg","美食一.jpg");
        TestThread1 testThread2 = new TestThread1("https://img.ivsky.com/img/tupian/co/202007/11/niupai.jpg","美食二.jpg");
        TestThread1 testThread3 = new TestThread1("https://img.ivsky.com/img/tupian/co/202007/11/shutiao-012.jpg","美食三.jpg");

        testThread1.start();
        testThread2.start();
        testThread3.start();

    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader {
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常，downloader方法出问题");
        }
    }
}

• 最后会得到三个美食图片

---

二、实现Runnable

• 定义MyRunnable类实现Runnable接口
• 实现run方法，编写线程执行体
• 创建线程对象，调用start方法启动线程

public class TestThread2 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学Java--"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建runnable接口的实现类对象
        TestThread2 testThread2 = new TestThread2();

        //创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启线程，这叫代理
//        Thread thread = new Thread(testThread2);
//        thread.start();

        new Thread(testThread2).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
        }

    }
}

---

• 用runnable实现小练习，只需实现接口，改变主函数里对象实现，结果一样

public class TestThread1 implements Runnable

public static void main(String[] args) {
    TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1("https://img.ivsky.com/img/tupian/co/202007/11/niupai-037.jpg","美食一.jpg");
    TestThread1 testThread2 = new TestThread1("https://img.ivsky.com/img/tupian/co/202007/11/niupai.jpg","美食二.jpg");
    TestThread1 testThread3 = new TestThread1("https://img.ivsky.com/img/tupian/co/202007/11/shutiao-012.jpg","美食三.jpg");

    new Thread(testThread1).start();
    new Thread(testThread2).start();
    new Thread(testThread3).start();
}

小结：

• Thread类和Runnable接口都具有多线程能力
• Thread通过子类对象.start()启动线程；Runnable接口通过传入目标对象+Thread对象.start()启动线程，new Thread(目标对象).start()
• 由于Java是单继承，尽量使用Runnable接口实现多线程

---

三、初见并发问题

• 抢票

//多个线程操作同一个对象
//抢票

//出现的问题，同一张票出现多人抢到
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
    //票数
    private int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(ticketNums<=0) break;
            
            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---->抢到了第"+ticketNums--+"张票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread3 t1 = new TestThread3();

        new Thread(t1,"小明").start();
        new Thread(t1,"老王").start();
        new Thread(t1,"黄牛党").start();
    }
}

---

小案例：龟兔赛跑

//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{

    //关键
    private  static  String winner;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {

            //模拟兔子休息
            if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&& i%10==0){//10步休息一下
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            //如果比赛结束了，就停止程序
            if (flag){
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->跑了"+i+"步");
        }
    }
    //判断是否完成比赛
    private boolean gameOver(int steps){
        //判断是否有冠军出现
        if(winner!=null){//有人赢了
            return true;
        }{
            if(steps >= 100){
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("冠军是"+winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
    }
}