Java字节码技术

什么是字节码

Java bytecode是由单个(byte)组成，理论上最多支持256个操作码(opcode)。实际上Java只用了200多个左右的操作码，还有一些操作码留给调试操作。

根据操作码的性质主要分为四大类

1. 栈操作指令，包括与局部变量操作指令
2. 程序流程控制指令
3. 对象操作指令，包括方法调用指令
4. 算数运算及类型转换指令

生成字节码

写一个最简单的类源码如下

package demo.jvm0104;

public class HelloByteCode{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		HelloByteCode obj=new HelloByteCode();
	}
}

编译：javac demo/jvm0104/HelloByteCode.java
查看字节码：javap -c demo.jvm0104/HelloByteCode

Compiled from "HelloByteCode.java"
public class demo.jvm0104.HelloByteCode {
  public demo.jvm0104.HelloByteCode();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: new           #2                  // class demo/jvm0104/HelloByteCode
       3: dup
       4: invokespecial #3                  // Method "<init>":()V
       7: astore_1
       8: return
}

复杂点的例子：javap -c -verbose demo.java0104.Hello

Classfile /C:/Users/29328/Desktop/abc/demo/jvm0104/HelloByteCode.class
  Last modified 2021-3-6; size 301 bytes
  MD5 checksum 542cb70faf8b2b512a023e1a8e6c1308
  Compiled from "HelloByteCode.java"
public class demo.jvm0104.HelloByteCode
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #4.#13         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Class              #14            // demo/jvm0104/HelloByteCode
   #3 = Methodref          #2.#13         // demo/jvm0104/HelloByteCode."<init>":()V
   #4 = Class              #15            // java/lang/Object
   #5 = Utf8               <init>
   #6 = Utf8               ()V
   #7 = Utf8               Code
   #8 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
   #9 = Utf8               main
  #10 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #11 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #12 = Utf8               HelloByteCode.java
  #13 = NameAndType        #5:#6          // "<init>":()V
  #14 = Utf8               demo/jvm0104/HelloByteCode
  #15 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
{
  public demo.jvm0104.HelloByteCode();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 3: 0

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=2, args_size=1
         0: new           #2                  // class demo/jvm0104/HelloByteCode
         3: dup
         4: invokespecial #3                  // Method "<init>":()V
         7: astore_1
         8: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 5: 0
        line 6: 8
}
SourceFile: "HelloByteCode.java"

字节码运行时节构

Jvm是一台基于栈的独立计算机。
每个线程都有自己独立的线程栈(Jvm Stack)，用于存储自己的栈帧(Frame)。
每次操作Jvm都会创建自己的栈帧，栈帧由操作数栈，局部变量数组及Class引用组成。
Class引用指向当前运行时常量中对应的Class类。

四则运算例子

1. 编写MovingAverage.java类

package demo.jvm0104;

/**
* 移动平均数
*/
public class MovingAverage{
	private int count=0;
	private double sum=0.0D;
	public void submit(double value){
		this.count++;
		this.sum+=value;
	}
	public double getAvg(){
		if(0==this.count){
			return sum;
		}else{
			return this.sum/this.count;
		}
	}
}

2. 编译：javac -encoding utf-8 demo/jvm0104/MovingAverage.java
   查看字节码：javap -c demo.jvm0104.MovingAverage

Compiled from "MovingAverage.java"
public class demo.jvm0104.MovingAverage {
  public demo.jvm0104.MovingAverage();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: aload_0
       5: iconst_0
       6: putfield      #2                  // Field count:I
       9: aload_0
      10: dconst_0
      11: putfield      #3                  // Field sum:D
      14: return

  public void submit(double);
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: dup
       2: getfield      #2                  // Field count:I
       5: iconst_1
       6: iadd
       7: putfield      #2                  // Field count:I
      10: aload_0
      11: dup
      12: getfield      #3                  // Field sum:D
      15: dload_1
      16: dadd
      17: putfield      #3                  // Field sum:D
      20: return

  public double getAvg();
    Code:
       0: iconst_0
       1: aload_0
       2: getfield      #2                  // Field count:I
       5: if_icmpne     13
       8: aload_0
       9: getfield      #3                  // Field sum:D
      12: dreturn
      13: aload_0
      14: getfield      #3                  // Field sum:D
      17: aload_0
      18: getfield      #2                  // Field count:I
      21: i2d
      22: ddiv
      23: dreturn
}

3. 编写LocalVariableTest.java类

package demo.jvm0104;

public class LocalVariableTest{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		MovingAverage ma=new MovingAverage();
		int num1=1;
		int num2=2;
		ma.submit(num1);
		ma.submit(num2);
		double avg=ma.getAvg();
	}
}

4. 编译：javac -encoding utf-8 demo/jvm0104/LocalVariableTest.java
   查看字节码：javap -c demo.jvm0104.LocalVaiableTest

Compiled from "LocalVariableTest.java"
public class demo.jvm0104.LocalVariableTest {
  public demo.jvm0104.LocalVariableTest();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: new           #2                  // class demo/jvm0104/MovingAverage
       3: dup
       4: invokespecial #3                  // Method demo/jvm0104/MovingAverage."<init>":()V
       7: astore_1
       8: iconst_1
       9: istore_2
      10: iconst_2
      11: istore_3
      12: aload_1
      13: iload_2
      14: i2d
      15: invokevirtual #4                  // Method demo/jvm0104/MovingAverage.submit:(D)V
      18: aload_1
      19: iload_3
      20: i2d
      21: invokevirtual #4                  // Method demo/jvm0104/MovingAverage.submit:(D)V
      24: aload_1
      25: invokevirtual #5                  // Method demo/jvm0104/MovingAverage.getAvg:()D
      28: dstore        4
      30: return

算术操作与类型转化

	add(+)	sub(-)	mult(*)	divide(/)	remainder(%)	negate(-)
int	iadd	isub	imul	idiv	irem	ineg
long	ladd	lsub	lmul	ldiv	lrem	lneg
float	fadd	fsub	fmul	fdiv	frem	fneg
double	dadd	dsub	dmul	ddiv	drem	dneg

	int	long	float	double	byte	char	short
int	-	i2l	i2f	i2d	i2b	i2c	i2s
long	l2i	-	l2f	l2d	-	-	-
float	f2i	f2l	-	f2d	-	-	-
double	d2i	d2l	d2f	-	-	-	-