Java编程——try-with-resources

try在开发中经常用到，我们熟悉的用法是：

try  Block
     [ { CatchClause } ]
     [ finally Block ]

在Java SE 7以后，我们可以使用try-with-resources ：

try [ ( Resources ) ]
         Block
         [ { CatchClause } ]
         [ finally Block ]

看下面的两个等价的例子：

static String readFirstLineFromFile(String path) throws IOException {
    try (BufferedReader br =
                   new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path))) {
        return br.readLine();
    }
}

static String readFirstLineFromFileWithFinallyBlock(String path)
                                                     throws IOException {
    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path));
    try {
        return br.readLine();
    } finally {
        if (br != null) br.close();
    }
}

try-with-resources ，很容易理解是声明了一个或多个资源的try语句块，这个资源对象在程序执行完之后必须关闭。并且确保在try语句结束时每个资源都关闭。任何一个可以作为资源的对象必须是实现了java.lang.AutoCloseable接口的类的对象，并重写其close方法。catch和finally字句在资源声明结束后才执行。

下面的例子检索压缩文件zipFileName的文件包名，并新建一个文本文档记录这些文件的文件名：

public static void writeToFileZipFileContents(String zipFileName,
                                           String outputFileName)
                                           throws java.io.IOException {

    java.nio.charset.Charset charset =
         java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.US_ASCII;
    java.nio.file.Path outputFilePath =
         java.nio.file.Paths.get(outputFileName);

    // Open zip file and create output file with 
    // try-with-resources statement

    try (
        java.util.zip.ZipFile zf =
             new java.util.zip.ZipFile(zipFileName);
        java.io.BufferedWriter writer = 
            java.nio.file.Files.newBufferedWriter(outputFilePath, charset)
    ) {
        // Enumerate each entry
        for (java.util.Enumeration entries =
                                zf.entries(); entries.hasMoreElements();) {
            // Get the entry name and write it to the output file
            String newLine = System.getProperty("line.separator");
            String zipEntryName =
                 ((java.util.zip.ZipEntry)entries.nextElement()).getName() +
                 newLine;
            writer.write(zipEntryName, 0, zipEntryName.length());
        }
    }
}

下面的例子使用 try-with-resources自动关闭一个java.sql.Statement 对象：

public static void viewTable(Connection con) throws SQLException {

    String query = "select COF_NAME, SUP_ID, PRICE, SALES, TOTAL from COFFEES";

    try (Statement stmt = con.createStatement()) {
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);

        while (rs.next()) {
            String coffeeName = rs.getString("COF_NAME");
            int supplierID = rs.getInt("SUP_ID");
            float price = rs.getFloat("PRICE");
            int sales = rs.getInt("SALES");
            int total = rs.getInt("TOTAL");

            System.out.println(coffeeName + ", " + supplierID + ", " + 
                               price + ", " + sales + ", " + total);
        }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
    }
}

try-with-resources的优点：

1. 便利性。只要资源类实现了AutoCloseable或Closeable程序在执行完try块后会自动close所使用的资源无论br.readLine()是否抛出。异常 实现资源的自动回收处理，大大提高了代码的便利性，

2.更完全。在出现资源泄漏的程序中，很多情况是开发人员没有或者开发人员没有正确的关闭资源所导致的。JDK1.7之后采用try-with-resources的方式，则可以将资源关闭这种与业务实现没有很大直接关系的工作交给JVM完成。省去了部分开发中可能出现的代码风险。

3.高效率。try-with-resources语法更加高效。