正则表达式(Python)

re.match

re.match 尝试从字符串的起始位置匹配一个模式，如果不是起始位置匹配成功的话，match()就返回none

re.match(pattern,string,flags=0)

pattern-----匹配的正则表达式

string-----匹配的字符串

flags-----匹配的模式

eg.

import re

content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'

print(len(content))

result = re.match('^Hello\s\d{3}\d{4}\s\w{10}.*Demo$',content)

# result = re.match('^Hello.*Demo$',content)

#result = re.match('^Hello\s(\d+)\sWorld.*Demo$',content)

print (result)

print(result.group())

print(result.span())

40

<_sre.SRE_Match object;span=(0,4),match='Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'>

Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo

(0,40)

eg.贪婪匹配

import re

content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'

result = re.match('^He.*(\d+).*Demo$',content)

print(result)

print(result.group(1))

<_sre.SRE_Match object;span=(0,40),match='Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'>

7

.*匹配到了123456，\d匹配到7，.*尽可能多的匹配

result = re.match('^He.*?(\d+).*Demo$',content)

增加一个问号，尽可能少的匹配

print(result.group(1))

1234567

eg.匹配模式

import re
content='Hello 1234567 World_This
is a Regex Demo
'

result = re.match('^Hello,*?(\d+).*?Demo$',content)

print(result) #None

点无法匹配换行符

import re
content='Hello 1234567 World_This
is a Regex Demo
'
result = re.match('^Hello,*?(\d+).*?Demo$',content，re.S)
print(result.group(1))

re.S  点可以代替换行符

eg.转义

import re

content ='price is $5.00'

result = re.match('price is $5.00',content)

print(result) #None

没有匹配到任意字符，必须转义

import re

content ='price is $5.00'

result = re.match('price is \$5\.00',content)

print(result)

总结：

尽量使用泛匹配、使用括号得到匹配目标、尽量使用非贪婪模式、有换行就用re.S

re.search

re.search 扫描整个字符串并返回第一个成功的匹配

eg.

import re

content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'

result = re.match('^Hello.*?(\d+).*?Demo',content)

print(result) #None

无法匹配

import re

content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'

result = re.search('^Hello.*?(\d+).*?Demo',content)

print(result.group(1))

print(result) 

总结：

为匹配方便，能用search就不用match

re.sub

替换字符串中每一个匹配的子串后返回替换后的字符串

第一个参数为正则表达式

第二个参数为需要替换的字符串

第三个参数为原来的字符串

import re
content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'
content = re.sub('\d+','Replacement',content)
print(content)

import re
content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'
content = re.sub('(\d+)',r'\1 8910',content)
print(content)