多线程(二)

多线程(二)

线程安全问题

方式一 ：同步代码块
*   synchronized(同步监视器){
*       //需要被同步的代码
*   }
*   说明：1, 操作共享数据的代码，即为需要被同步的代码
*        2,共享数据 ：多个线程同时操作的变量。比如 ：ticket
*        3，同步监视器 ，俗称 ：锁。任何一个类的对象，都可以充当锁。
*        要求 ： 多个线程必须用同一把锁。

package com.kuang.syn;

public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100, "基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "你");
        Drawing girlFriend= new Drawing(account, 100, "girlFriend");
        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();

    }
}
//账户
class Account{
    int money; //余额
    String name;//卡名
    public Account(int money ,String name){
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//银行 模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account acct;
    int drawingMoney;
    int nowMoney;
    public Drawing(Account acct,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.acct = acct;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;

    }
    //取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (acct){
            //判断有钱没钱
            if (acct.money - drawingMoney < 0) {
                System.out.println("钱不够，取不了");
                return;
            }
            //sleep 放大问题的发生性
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //卡内余额
            acct.money = acct.money - drawingMoney;
            //手里的钱
            nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
            System.out.println(acct.name + "余额为：" + acct.money);
            System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱 ： " + nowMoney);

        }

    }
}

方法二 ： 同步方法
*     如果操作共享数据的代码完整的声明在一个方法中，我们不妨将次方法声明同步

package com.kuang.syn;

public class UnsafeBuyticket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Buyticket buyticket = new Buyticket();

        new Thread(buyticket,"我").start();
        new Thread(buyticket,"你").start();
        new Thread(buyticket,"黄牛").start();
    }

}
class Buyticket implements Runnable{

    private int ticketNum = 10;
    boolean flag = true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(flag){
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        //判断是否有票
        if (ticketNum <= 0){
            return;
        }
        //模拟延时
        Thread.sleep(100);
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNum--);
    }
}

package com.kuang.syn;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

/**
 * 测试JUC安全类型的集合
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 10:42
 */
public class TestJUC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(() ->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

方式三 lock锁

package com.kuang.Demo02;

/**
 * 死锁 ： 多个线程互相包着对方需要的资源，然后形成僵持
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 10:52
 */
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0, "灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1, "白姑娘");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}
//口红
class Lipstick{

}
//镜子
class Mirror{

}
class Makeup extends  Thread{

    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static final Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice,String girlName){
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    // 化妆，互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0){
            synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (mirror){//一秒后拿到镜子
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
            }
        }else{
            synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            }
            synchronized (lipstick){//一秒后拿到口红
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }
}

package com.kuang.Demo02;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * 测试lock锁
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 11:12
 */
public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();

    }
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketNums = 10;
    //定义Lock 锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                lock.lock();//加锁
                if (ticketNums > 0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                }else{
                    break;
                }
            } finally {
                //解锁
                lock.unlock();

            }
        }
    }
}

//  sychronized 和 lock 异同
// 相同： 二者都可以解决线程安全问题
// 不同  sychronized 机制在执行玩相应的同步代码以后，自动释放同步监视器
//      lock 需要手动启动同步（lock())同时结束同步也需要手动的实现

管程法

package com.kuang.Demo02;

/**
 * 测试 : 生产者消费者模型---> 利用缓冲区  ：管程法
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 11:25
 */
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Syncontainer container = new Syncontainer();
        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    Syncontainer container;

    public Productor(Syncontainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }
    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了" + i + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    Syncontainer container;

    public Consumer(Syncontainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }
    //消费
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了--->" + container.pop().id + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//产品
class Chicken{
    int id;//编号

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}
//缓冲区
class Syncontainer{
    //需要一个容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;

    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //如果容器满了，就需要等待消费者消费
        if (count == chickens.length){
            //通知消费者消费,生产者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果没有满，就需要丢入产品
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;

        //可以通知消费者消费了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        //判断能否消费
        if (count == 0){
            //产，消费者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

        //吃完了，通知消费者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }

}

信号灯法

package com.kuang.Demo02;

/**
 * 测试生产者消费者问题2：信号灯法，标志位解决
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 11:55
 */
public class TestPc2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者 --->演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }
    //20小时广告
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if (i%2 == 0){
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
            }else{
                this.tv.play("抖音记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者 ---->观众
class  Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }
    //消费者只管看
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品 ----->TV
class TV{
    //演员表演，观众等待
    //观众观看，演员等待
    String voice;//表演的节目
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice){
        if (!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了：" + voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
        this.voice = voice;//更新
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
    //观看
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if (flag){//判断还没表演， 等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了： " +  voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

}

线程池

package com.kuang.Demo02;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * 测试线程池:
 * ExecutorService : 真正的线程池接口
 * Executors ： 工具类、线程池的工厂类
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 12:19
 */
public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建服务，创建线程池
        //ewFixedThreadPool 参数为线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        //执行指定的线程的操作。需要提供实现Runnable接口实现类的的对象
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        //2.关闭链接
        service.shutdown();


    }
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}