【Android】多种方式实现截图（屏幕截图、View截图、长图）

一、截图原理

我们的手机一般同时按下音量-键和电源键就会将当前屏幕显示的内容截取下来，那里面具体经过哪些流程呢？

Android中每一个页面都是一个Activity，通过Window对象实现页面的显示，每个Window对象实际上都是PhoneWindow的实例，当我们在Activity页面点击屏幕的时候，会触发点击事件，这个事件会一层层分发到处理它的view上，大致会经过这些view：

先会调PhoneWindowManager中的dispatchUnhandledKey方法，一层层往下，这里不详细展开，我们往下找会发现最终会调用一个takeScreenshot截屏的方法：

private void takeScreenshot() {
        synchronized (mScreenshotLock) {
            if (mScreenshotConnection != null) {
                return;
            }
            ComponentName cn = new ComponentName("com.android.systemui",
                    "com.android.systemui.screenshot.TakeScreenshotService");
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setComponent(cn);
            ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
                @Override
                public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
                    synchronized (mScreenshotLock) {
                        if (mScreenshotConnection != this) {
                            return;
                        }
                        Messenger messenger = new Messenger(service);
                        Message msg = Message.obtain(null, 1);
                        final ServiceConnection myConn = this;
                        Handler h = new Handler(mHandler.getLooper()) {
                            @Override
                            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                                synchronized (mScreenshotLock) {
                                    if (mScreenshotConnection == myConn) {
                                        mContext.unbindService(mScreenshotConnection);
                                        mScreenshotConnection = null;
                                        mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScreenshotTimeout);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        };
                        msg.replyTo = new Messenger(h);
                        msg.arg1 = msg.arg2 = 0;
                        if (mStatusBar != null && mStatusBar.isVisibleLw())
                            msg.arg1 = 1;
                        if (mNavigationBar != null && mNavigationBar.isVisibleLw())
                            msg.arg2 = 1;
                        try {
                            messenger.send(msg);
                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        }
                    }
                }
                @Override
                public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {}
            };
            if (mContext.bindServiceAsUser(
                    intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE, UserHandle.CURRENT)) {
                mScreenshotConnection = conn;
                mHandler.postDelayed(mScreenshotTimeout, 10000);
            }
        }
    }

这里通过反射机制调用了TakeScreenshotService的bindServiceAsUser方法，创建TakeScreenshotService服务，再通过其内部的SurfaceControl.screenshot 生成 bitmap，生成图片成功会给系统发送通知。

系统截图的大致流程就是这样，在里面截图原理大致就是：获取需要截屏的区域的宽高，创建一个画布，然后区域内的内容绘制在画布上，最后生成bitmap图片。

二、实现方式

Android 截图主要为四种：View 截图、WebView 截图、屏幕截图、系统截图和 adb 截图。后两种截图不常用，不详细展开。

1. View截图

可以截取到View不可见的部分，生成长图，状态栏和导航栏无法截到

fun screenshotView(view: ViewGroup):Bitmap?{
    var h = 0
    var bitmap:Bitmap?=null
    for(i in 0 until view.childCount){
        h += view.getChildAt(i).height
        view.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#6CC287"))
    }
    bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(view.width, h, Bitmap.Config.RGB_565)
    val canvas = Canvas(bitmap)
    view.draw(canvas)
    //重新赋色
    for(i in 0 until view.childCount){
        view.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundDrawable(null)
    }
    return bitmap
}

2. WebView截图

WebView 作为一种特殊的控件，不能像其他系统 View 或者截屏的方式来截图，有特定的Api

// 1.capturePicture方法废弃
// 2.getScale方法废弃

// 3.getDrawingCache方法
private static byte[] screenshotWebView() {
  Bitmap bitmap = webView.getDrawingCache();
  byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bmp);
  return drawByte;
}

// 4.draw方法
private static byte[] screenshotWebView() {
  // webView.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true); 设置缓存
  Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(webView.getWidth(), webView.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
  Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
  webView.draw(canvas);
  webView.destroyDrawingCache();
  byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bitmap);
  return drawByte;
}

可能会截取不到 cavans 元素，原因是开启了硬件加速（关闭硬件加速可能导致页面异常），可在 AndroidManifest.xml 中设置：

android:hardwareAccelerated="false"

截长图的话需要配置：

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
  WebView.enableSlowWholeDocumentDraw();
}
setContentView(R.layout.webview);

3. 屏幕截图

截取应用当前屏幕的图片：

	/**
     * 获取当前屏幕截图，包含状态栏
     *
     * @param activity activity
     * @return Bitmap
     */
    public static Bitmap captureWithStatusBar(Activity activity) {
        View view = activity.getWindow().getDecorView();
        view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);
        view.buildDrawingCache();
        Bitmap bmp = view.getDrawingCache();
        int width = getScreenWidth(activity);
        int height = getScreenHeight(activity);
        Bitmap ret = Bitmap.createBitmap(bmp, 0, 0, width, height);
        view.destroyDrawingCache();
        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * 获取当前屏幕截图，不包含状态栏
     *
     * @param activity activity
     * @return Bitmap
     */
    public static Bitmap captureWithoutStatusBar(Activity activity) {
        View view = activity.getWindow().getDecorView();
        view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);
        view.buildDrawingCache();
        Bitmap bmp = view.getDrawingCache();
        int statusBarHeight = getStatusBarHeight(activity);
        int width = getScreenWidth(activity);
        int height = getScreenHeight(activity);
        Bitmap ret = Bitmap.createBitmap(bmp, 0, statusBarHeight, width, height - statusBarHeight);
        view.destroyDrawingCache();
        return ret;
    }

	/**
     * 得到屏幕的高
     *
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static int getScreenHeight(Context context) {
        WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
        int height = wm.getDefaultDisplay().getHeight();
        return height;
    }

    /**
     * 得到屏幕的宽
     *
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static int getScreenWidth(Context context) {
        WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
        int width = wm.getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();
        return width;
    }

	/**
     * 获取状态栏高度
     *
     * @param context 上下文
     * @return 状态栏高度
     */
    public static int getStatusBarHeight(Context context) {
        int result = 0;
        int resourceId = context.getResources()
                .getIdentifier("status_bar_height", "dimen", "android");
        if (resourceId > 0) {
            result = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(resourceId);
        }
        return result;
    }

三、格式转换方法

下面列出了一些常用的转换方法：

// Bitmap 转 Base64
private static String getBitmapString(Bitmap bitmap) {
  String result = null;
  ByteArrayOutputStream out = null;
  try {
    if (bitmap != null) {
      out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out);
​
      out.flush();
      out.close();
​
      byte[] bitmapBytes = out.toByteArray();
      result = Base64.encodeToString(bitmapBytes, Base64.DEFAULT);
    }
  } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
  } finally {
    try {
      if (out != null) {
          out.flush();
          out.close();
      }
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
  return result;
}
​
// Bitmap 转 Byte
private static byte[] getBitmapByte(Bitmap bitmap){
  ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  // 转换类型，压缩质量，字节流资源
  bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out);
  try {
      out.flush();
      out.close();
  } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
  }
  return out.toByteArray();
}

// Drawable 转 Bitmap
public static Bitmap toBitmap(Drawable drawable) {
    if (drawable instanceof BitmapDrawable) {
        return ((BitmapDrawable) drawable).getBitmap();
    } else if (drawable instanceof ColorDrawable) {
        //color
        Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(32, 32, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
        canvas.drawColor(((ColorDrawable) drawable).getColor());
        return bitmap;
    } else if (drawable instanceof NinePatchDrawable) {
        //.9.png
        Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(),
                drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
        drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight());
        drawable.draw(canvas);
        return bitmap;
    }
    return null;
}