SpringMVC学习资料
Servlet项目搭建
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新建一个普通的maven项目,给项目添加web框架支持
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导入依赖(pom.xml)
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编写Servlet类(HelloServlet.java)
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编写jsp(WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp)
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编写web.xml
导入依赖
<dependencies> <!--junit--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <!--spring--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!--servlet--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <!--jsp--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <!--jstl--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
编写Servlet类
package com.aug.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //1.获取前端参数 String method = req.getParameter("method"); if(method.equals("add")){ req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","执行了add方法"); } if(method.equals("delete")){ req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","执行了delete方法"); } //2.调用业务层 //3.视图转发/重定向 req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req,resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req,resp); } }
编写jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body> </html>
编写web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.aug.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/helloServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!--session超时时间--> <session-config> <session-timeout>15</session-timeout> </session-config> <!--设置欢迎页--> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
springmvc项目搭建(配置)
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新建一个普通的maven项目,给项目添加web框架支持
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导入依赖(同Servlet项目搭建)
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编写web.xml
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编写springmvc的配置文件(spring-mvc.xml)
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编写controller层
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编写jsp(WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp)
编写web.xml
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注册dispatchServlet
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关联springmvc配置文件
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映射路径
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!--启动级别-1--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- 映射路径: / 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp) /* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp) --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
编写springmvc配置文件
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处理器映射器HandlerMapping
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处理器适配器HandlerAdapter
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视图解析器ViewResolver
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--处理器映射器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/> <!--处理器适配器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/> <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView--> <!-- 1.获取ModelAndView的数据 2.解析ModelAndView的视图名字(例如:test) 3.根据视图名字拼接对应的视图(/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp) 4.将数据渲染到视图上 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!--后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!--注册Bean(Handler)--> <bean id="/hello" class="com.aug.controller.HelloController"/> </beans>
编写controller层
package com.aug.controller; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; //注意:这里我们先导入Controller接口 public class HelloController implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { //ModelAndView 模型和视图 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); //封装对象,放在ModelAndView中。Model mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!"); //封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中 mv.setViewName("hello"); //: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp return mv; } }
编写jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body> </html>
SpringMVC执行流程
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用户发送请求,dispatch接收用户请求并拦截请求
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dispatch调用HandlerMapping(根据url查找对应的处理器(handler)) ,并返回结果给dispatch
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dispatch调用HandlerAdapter(根据handler去查找对应的controller),并将信息返回给dispatch
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执行具体的controller,controller层调用service层,并将具体的执行信息(ModelAndView)返回给HandlerAdapter
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dispatch调用ViewResolver(拼接视图),并将视图返回给dispatch
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获取ModelAndView的数据
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解析ModelAndView的视图名字(例如:test)
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根据视图名字拼接对应的视图(/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp)
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将数据渲染到视图上
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dispatch调用对应的视图
总结:三来三回
1.dispatch <==> HandlerMapping
2.dispatch <==> HandlerAdapter
3.dispatch <==> ViewResolver
springmvc项目搭建(注解)
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新建一个普通的maven项目,给项目添加web框架支持
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导入依赖(同Servlet项目搭建)
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编写web.xml
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编写springmvc的配置文件(spring-mvc.xml)
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编写controller层
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编写jsp(WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp)
编写web.xml
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注册dispatchServlet
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关联springmvc配置文件
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映射路径
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--1.注册Servlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--关联springmvc配置文件--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!--配置启动级别--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!--映射路径(所有请求都会被springmvc拦截)--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
编写springmvc配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!--自动扫描包:让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.aug.controller"/> <!--让Springmvc不处理静态资源:css、js、html...--> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!--注解驱动:使注解生效(等效于HandlerMapping和HandlerAdapter)--> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!--视图解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="resourceViewResolver"> <!--前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!--后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans>
编写controller层
package com.aug.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; //注解等效于配置文件中的javaBean:<bean id="/hello" class="com.aug.controller.HelloController"/> @Controller//等效于javaBean的class public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello")//等效于javaBeanid public String hello(Model model){ //封装数据 String result = "hello springmvc"; model.addAttribute("msg",result); //返回视图 return "test";//会被视图解析器处理 } @RequestMapping("/ok")//等效于javaBean的id public String ok(Model model){ String result = "ok springmvc"; model.addAttribute("msg",result); return "test"; } }
编写jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body> </html>