SpringMVC学习资料

SpringMVC学习资料

Servlet项目搭建
  1. 新建一个普通的maven项目,给项目添加web框架支持

  2. 导入依赖(pom.xml)

  3. 编写Servlet类(HelloServlet.java)

  4. 编写jsp(WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp)

  5. 编写web.xml

导入依赖
<dependencies>
    <!--junit-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--servlet-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--jsp-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--jstl-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
编写Servlet类
package com.aug.servlet;
​
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
​
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取前端参数
        String method = req.getParameter("method");
        if(method.equals("add")){
            req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","执行了add方法");
        }
        if(method.equals("delete")){
            req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","执行了delete方法");
        }
​
        //2.调用业务层
​
        //3.视图转发/重定向
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
​
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}
​
编写jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
​
编写web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.aug.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/helloServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
​
    <!--session超时时间-->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
​
    <!--设置欢迎页-->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
    
</web-app>

springmvc项目搭建(配置)
  1. 新建一个普通的maven项目,给项目添加web框架支持

  2. 导入依赖(同Servlet项目搭建)

  3. 编写web.xml

  4. 编写springmvc的配置文件(spring-mvc.xml)

  5. 编写controller层

  6. 编写jsp(WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp)

编写web.xml
  1. 注册dispatchServlet

  2. 关联springmvc配置文件

  3. 映射路径

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
​
    <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动级别-1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
​
    <!--
    映射路径:
    / 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp)
    /* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp)
    -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
​
</web-app>
编写springmvc配置文件
  1. 处理器映射器HandlerMapping

  2. 处理器适配器HandlerAdapter

  3. 视图解析器ViewResolver

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
​
    <!--处理器映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--处理器适配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
​
    <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
    <!--
    1.获取ModelAndView的数据
    2.解析ModelAndView的视图名字(例如:test)
    3.根据视图名字拼接对应的视图(/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp)
    4.将数据渲染到视图上
    -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
​
    <!--注册Bean(Handler)-->
    <bean id="/hello" class="com.aug.controller.HelloController"/>
​
</beans>
编写controller层
package com.aug.controller;
​
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
​
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
​
//注意:这里我们先导入Controller接口
public class HelloController implements Controller {
​
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        //ModelAndView 模型和视图
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
​
        //封装对象,放在ModelAndView中。Model
        mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");
        //封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中
        mv.setViewName("hello"); //: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
        return mv;
    }
​
}
编写jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
SpringMVC执行流程
  1. 用户发送请求,dispatch接收用户请求并拦截请求

  2. dispatch调用HandlerMapping(根据url查找对应的处理器(handler)) ,并返回结果给dispatch

  3. dispatch调用HandlerAdapter(根据handler去查找对应的controller),并将信息返回给dispatch

    1. 执行具体的controller,controller层调用service层,并将具体的执行信息(ModelAndView)返回给HandlerAdapter

  4. dispatch调用ViewResolver(拼接视图),并将视图返回给dispatch

    1. 获取ModelAndView的数据

    2. 解析ModelAndView的视图名字(例如:test)

    3. 根据视图名字拼接对应的视图(/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp)

    4. 将数据渲染到视图上

  5. dispatch调用对应的视图

总结:三来三回

1.dispatch <==> HandlerMapping

2.dispatch <==> HandlerAdapter

3.dispatch <==> ViewResolver

springmvc项目搭建(注解)
  1. 新建一个普通的maven项目,给项目添加web框架支持

  2. 导入依赖(同Servlet项目搭建)

  3. 编写web.xml

  4. 编写springmvc的配置文件(spring-mvc.xml)

  5. 编写controller层

  6. 编写jsp(WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp)

编写web.xml
  1. 注册dispatchServlet

  2. 关联springmvc配置文件

  3. 映射路径

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--1.注册Servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联springmvc配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--配置启动级别-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!--映射路径(所有请求都会被springmvc拦截)-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>
编写springmvc配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--自动扫描包:让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.aug.controller"/>

    <!--让Springmvc不处理静态资源:css、js、html...-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--注解驱动:使注解生效(等效于HandlerMapping和HandlerAdapter)-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="resourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>
编写controller层
package com.aug.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

//注解等效于配置文件中的javaBean:<bean id="/hello" class="com.aug.controller.HelloController"/>
@Controller//等效于javaBean的class
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")//等效于javaBeanid
    public String hello(Model model){

        //封装数据
        String result = "hello springmvc";
        model.addAttribute("msg",result);

        //返回视图
        return "test";//会被视图解析器处理
    }

    @RequestMapping("/ok")//等效于javaBean的id
    public String ok(Model model){

        String result = "ok springmvc";
        model.addAttribute("msg",result);

        return "test";
    }

}
编写jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
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