Docker：Docker基础使用

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-09 21:28:40 发布

vczyh

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-09 21:28:40 发布

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： docker docker基础

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/TKDK_bot/article/details/88097105

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Docker学习笔记

环境

Ubuntu16.04

安装Docker CE

若之前安装过老版本的docker，先卸载

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

1.更新apt包索引

sudo apt-get update

2.安装软件包支持apt使用基于Https的仓库

sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

3.添加Docker官方的GPG key

# 官方 
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
# 中科大镜像
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

验证key

sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

4.添加Docker仓库

# 官方
sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) \
   stable"
# 中科大 速度快一点
sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) \
   stable"

5.更新apt包索引

sudo apt-get update

6.安装最新的Docker CE

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

查看版本信息

查看Docker版本

docker --version

Docker version 18.09.3, build 774a1f4

查看更多Docker信息，docker version 或者 docker info，这里使用sudo，否则会出现权限错误

$ sudo docker info

Containers: 0
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 18.09.3
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: e6b3f5632f50dbc4e9cb6288d911bf4f5e95b18e
runc version: 6635b4f0c6af3810594d2770f662f34ddc15b40d
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 apparmor
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.4.0-131-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 974.2MiB
Name: ubuntu
ID: DZ4R:PP5P:IRNO:OSCE:A55B:MMZ2:EZ25:JKHW:NK7I:JW2P:Y4U7:ESAW
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

一般使用docker命令得加上sudo，为了避免出现权限错误，设置把用户加入到docker组中 Read more.

创建docker用户组，可能会提示已经存在

sudo groupadd docker

把用户添加到docker用户组

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

登出账号

logout

然后重新登录，现在不加sudo也可以使用

docker info

测试

通过运行一个简单的image来测试Docker

$ docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
docker: Error response from daemon: Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/library/hello-world/manifests/latest: Get https://auth.docker.io/token?scope=repository%3Alibrary%2Fhello-world%3Apull&service=registry.docker.io: net/http: request canceled (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers).
See 'docker run --help'.

错误解决：

打开/etc/docker/daemon.json，如果不存在创建文件，添加内容

{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "http://141e5461.m.daocloud.io"
  ]
}

重启Docker服务

sudo service docker restart

再次运行

$ docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:92c7f9c92844bbbb5d0a101b22f7c2a7949e40f8ea90c8b3bc396879d95e899a
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

查看下载的image

$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        2 months ago        1.84kB

列出所有的容器，不加--all默认列出仍在运行的容器，hello-world输出语句后就结束了，因此不加--all就看不到hello-world容器

docker container ls --all

Containers

简单来说，Container就是包含运行环境，代码，以及构建运行命令的容器，他和传统运行程序的区别就是环境不随宿主机的环境变化，自己拥有自己的一套运行环境，环境变量，可以通过端口与宿主机交流信息。下面示例构建了一个容器：

在新建文件夹下，添加三个文件

Dockerfile

# 程序运行需要的环境，也是一个镜像
# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image
FROM python:2.7-slim

# Set the working directory to /app
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app
COPY . /app

# 需要运行的命令，这里使用pip安装需要的模块
# Install any needed packages specified in requirements.txt
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt

# 暴露80端口
# Make port 80 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 80

# 定义环境变量
# Define environment variable
ENV NAME World

# 当容器运行的时候执行的命令
# Run app.py when the container launches
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

requirements.txt

Flask
Redis

app.py

from flask import Flask
from redis import Redis, RedisError
import os
import socket

# Connect to Redis
redis = Redis(host="redis", db=0, socket_connect_timeout=2, socket_timeout=2)

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    try:
        visits = redis.incr("counter")
    except RedisError:
        visits = "<i>cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled</i>"

    html = "<h3>Hello {name}!</h3>" \
           "<b>Hostname:</b> {hostname}<br/>" \
           "<b>Visits:</b> {visits}"
    return html.format(name=os.getenv("NAME", "world"), hostname=socket.gethostname(), visits=visits)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=80)

构建应用

当前的目录结构

$ ls
Dockerfile		app.py			requirements.txt

--tag设置镜像的名字，可以使用-t代替

docker build --tag=friendlyhello .

Sending build context to Docker daemon   5.12kB
Step 1/7 : FROM python:2.7-slim
2.7-slim: Pulling from library/python
6ae821421a7d: Pull complete 
ead11ecb9832: Pull complete 
d1ef2eb755bd: Pull complete 
1c63dfc85c0a: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8a5111aceb7e0cf0cf7f31e37578e333d86ed617ca9edf3b65e18863e45b2a30
Status: Downloaded newer image for python:2.7-slim
 ---> f2ac6489d817
Step 2/7 : WORKDIR /app
 ---> Running in 932187809e8e
Removing intermediate container 932187809e8e
 ---> b3cfe9d5f91d
Step 3/7 : COPY . /app
 ---> 5585f2e23654
Step 4/7 : RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in bc57918cd3f9
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
Collecting Flask (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/e7/08578774ed4536d3242b14dacb4696386634607af824ea997202cd0edb4b/Flask-1.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (91kB)
Collecting Redis (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/8b/c43ef27d02382853b22c49bc41a8389e47d60811dd1d72b9a45bc905a5f8/redis-3.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (65kB)
Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Jinja2>=2.10 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/ff/ae64bacdfc95f27a016a7bed8e8686763ba4d277a78ca76f32659220a731/Jinja2-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126kB)
Collecting Werkzeug>=0.14 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/20/c4/12e3e56473e52375aa29c4764e70d1b8f3efa6682bef8d0aae04fe335243/Werkzeug-0.14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (322kB)
Collecting click>=5.1 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (81kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.10->Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /packages/fb/40/f3adb7cf24a8012813c5edb20329eb22d5d8e2a0ecf73d21d6b85865da11/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fb/40/f3adb7cf24a8012813c5edb20329eb22d5d8e2a0ecf73d21d6b85865da11/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Installing collected packages: itsdangerous, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, click, Flask, Redis
Successfully installed Flask-1.0.2 Jinja2-2.10 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Redis-3.2.0 Werkzeug-0.14.1 click-7.0 itsdangerous-1.1.0
Removing intermediate container bc57918cd3f9
 ---> b153aab474c9
Step 5/7 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in 045106266e34
Removing intermediate container 045106266e34
 ---> 27c4772dab6c
Step 6/7 : ENV NAME World
 ---> Running in e15dbdd45e6e
Removing intermediate container e15dbdd45e6e
 ---> 9e0bbdc1b815
Step 7/7 : CMD ["python", "app.py"]
 ---> Running in 128e9167ee7a
Removing intermediate container 128e9167ee7a
 ---> bad504f1ce1a
Successfully built bad504f1ce1a
Successfully tagged friendlyhello:latest

查看镜像，这里显示了所有本地镜像，包括刚构建的以及从远程仓库下载的

$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
friendlyhello       latest              bad504f1ce1a        9 minutes ago       131MB
python              2.7-slim            f2ac6489d817        9 days ago          120MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        2 months ago        1.84kB

运行应用

$ docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello
 * Serving Flask app "app" (lazy loading)
 * Environment: production
   WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production environment.
   Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Debug mode: off
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:80/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

-p 4000:80将宿主机的4000端口映射到容器的80端口

访问http://宿主机IP:4000

mark

在终端按CTRL+C停止容器

在后台运行app

$ docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello

d5d06d6b7efc6c9e8e2e730ee0139c78200951743df80afd0ce2bc604da917a1

d5d06d6b7efc6c9e8e2e730ee0139c78200951743df80afd0ce2bc604da917a1是容器ID，每个运行的容器实例都有一个ID

查看运行的容器

$ youthful_mirzakhani
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
d5d06d6b7efc        friendlyhello       "python app.py"     9 seconds ago       Up 8 seconds        0.0.0.0:4000->80/tcp   youthful_mirzakhani

停止运行app

 docker container stop d5d06d6b7efc

或者

docker container stop youthful_mirzakhani

youthful_mirzakhani是实例的NAMES属性

分享镜像

使用官方Registry非常慢，这里只是学习一下，建议使用其他Registry 阿里云容器镜像服务的基本使用

Docker支持将镜像上传到一个类似Github和Maven的公共仓库，需要在 hub.docker.com 注册账号

登录Docker账号

$ docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: vczyh
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /home/vczyh/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

为镜像打标签

格式

docker tag image username/repository:tag

例如

docker tag friendlyhello vczyh/get-started:part2

$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
friendlyhello       latest              bad504f1ce1a        About an hour ago   131MB
vczyh/get-started   part2               bad504f1ce1a        About an hour ago   131MB
python              2.7-slim            f2ac6489d817        9 days ago          120MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        2 months ago        1.84kB

发布镜像

docker push username/repository:tag

拉取镜像并运行

docker run -p 4000:80 username/repository:tag

Services

在分布式应用中，不同的部分被称为服务。比如，你想做一个视频分享网站，网站可能包括存储服务，用户上传视频后的转码服务，前台服务等。

服务实际上只是生产中的容器，一个服务仅运行一个镜像，但它通过编码决定了镜像的运行方式——使用的端口，运行副本的数量，便于容器拥有它所需要的容量等。拓展服务改变了运行软件的容器实例数量，从而为进程中的服务分配更多的资源。

幸运的是，使用Docker平台定义、运行和扩展服务非常容易——只需编写一个docker-compose.yml文件。

docker-compose.yml文件是一个YAML文件，它定义Docker容器在生产环境中的行为。

docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  # 定义一个叫web的服务
  web:
  	# 镜像，本地或者远程
    # replace username/repo:tag with your name and image details
    # image: username/repo:tag
    image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello 
    deploy:
      # 包含5个副本
      replicas: 5
      resources:
        limits:
          # 每个副本最多使用10%的CPU
          cpus: "0.1"
          # 每个副本最多使用50M内存空间
          memory: 50M
      restart_policy:
        # 如果有任何一个失败，则立即重启
        condition: on-failure
    ports:
      # 将主机4000端口映射到web服务的80端口
      - "4000:80"
    networks:
      # 指示web容器通过称为webnet的负载均衡网络共享80端口(在内部，容器本身在一个临时端口上发布到web的80端口。)
      - webnet
networks:
  # 使用默认设置定义webnet网络(一个负载均衡的覆盖网络)。
  webnet:

运行你的负载均衡应用

首先先运行：

$ docker swarm init

Swarm initialized: current node (7qrexnk3iv5uj501v2rc4h7qh) is now a manager.

To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:

    docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-4auxfpbmrbtxolwcv8iarukaq6pvkythefg43smvhdsroa8myy-162ysnb7pb05nrobv9b85rznj 192.168.255.130:2377

To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.

getstartedlab是app的名字：

$ docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab

Creating network getstartedlab_webnet
Creating service getstartedlab_web

现在单个服务堆栈在一台主机上运行了5个已部署镜像的实例

查看服务：

$ docker service ls

ID                  NAME                MODE                REPLICAS            IMAGE                                                     PORTS
343zdnqqcspv        getstartedlab_web   replicated          5/5                 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   *:4000->80/tcp

也可以这样查看服务：

$ docker stack services getstartedlab 

ID                  NAME                MODE                REPLICAS            IMAGE                                                     PORTS
343zdnqqcspv        getstartedlab_web   replicated          5/5                 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   *:4000->80/tcp

服务中运行的单个容器称为任务。任务被赋予惟一的id，这些id在数字上递增，直到您在docker-comp.yml中定义的副本的数量。

列出你的服务任务：

$ docker service ps getstartedlab_web 

ID                  NAME                  IMAGE                                                     NODE                DESIRED STATE       CURRENT STATE           ERROR               PORTS
sgwe31kih992        getstartedlab_web.1   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   ubuntu              Running             Running 9 minutes ago                       
umx73o2ndmed        getstartedlab_web.2   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   ubuntu              Running             Running 9 minutes ago                       
u32n0jmlkc6k        getstartedlab_web.3   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   ubuntu              Running             Running 9 minutes ago                       
yi0giwz62y3d        getstartedlab_web.4   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   ubuntu              Running             Running 9 minutes ago                       
naxqp1nsxxaq        getstartedlab_web.5   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   ubuntu              Running             Running 9 minutes ago

也可以通过查看容器来查看任务：-q仅仅列出容器ID

docker container ls

浏览器多次访问：http://localhost:4000

或者多次输入：

curl -4 http://localhost:4000

可以看到显示的Hostname(容器ID)每次都不一样，也验证了轮询方式的负载均衡

显示一个stack的所有任务：

docker stack ps getstartedlab

拓展应用

可以通过改变replicas 的值来拓展应用：

docker-compose.yml

 deploy:
      # 包含5个副本
      replicas: 7

docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab

Docker更新服务不需要关掉服务或者关掉任何容器

查看目前的容器和任务：

docker stack ps getstartedlab

移除应用

docker stack rm getstartedlab

移除集群

docker swarm leave --force

常用命令

docker stack ls                                            # List stacks or apps
docker stack deploy -c <composefile> <appname>  # Run the specified Compose file
docker service ls                 # List running services associated with an app
docker service ps <service>                  # List tasks associated with an app
docker inspect <task or container>                   # Inspect task or container
docker container ls -q                                      # List container IDs
docker stack rm <appname>                             # Tear down an application
docker swarm leave --force      # Take down a single node swarm from the manager

Swarm

安装docker-machine

$ base=https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.0 &&
  curl -L $base/docker-machine-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) >/tmp/docker-machine &&
  sudo install /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine

这个岂止是慢，根本就没速度，所以采用手动安装，先去https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/下载，这里下载也得翻墙==

下载好安装：

sudo install docker-machine-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-machine

验证：

$ docker-machine version

docker-machine version 0.16.0, build 702c267f

创建虚拟机集群

安装virtualbox驱动：

sudo apt install virtualbox

创建名为myvm1的虚拟机：

$ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm1

Running pre-create checks...
Error with pre-create check: "This computer doesn't have VT-X/AMD-v enabled. Enabling it in the BIOS is mandatory"

出现错误，这里使用的是VMware，解决：

在这里插入图片描述

$ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm1

Running pre-create checks...
(myvm1) No default Boot2Docker ISO found locally, downloading the latest release...
(myvm1) Latest release for github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker is v18.09.3
(myvm1) Downloading /home/vczyh/.docker/machine/cache/boot2docker.iso from https://github.com/boot2docker/boot2docker/releases/download/v18.09.3/boot2docker.iso...

从github下载iso文件非常慢，采用手动下载，参考：

把iso文件放到默认位置：

cp boot2docker.iso ~/.docker/machine/cache/

$ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm1

Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
(myvm1) Copying /home/vczyh/.docker/machine/cache/boot2docker.iso to /home/vczyh/.docker/machine/machines/myvm1/boot2docker.iso...
(myvm1) Creating VirtualBox VM...
(myvm1) Creating SSH key...
(myvm1) Starting the VM...
(myvm1) Check network to re-create if needed...
(myvm1) Found a new host-only adapter: "vboxnet0"
(myvm1) Waiting for an IP...
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with boot2docker...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env myvm1

同样，再创建一个名为myvm2的虚拟机：

docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm2

查看虚拟机：

$ docker-machine ls

NAME    ACTIVE   DRIVER       STATE     URL                         SWARM   DOCKER     ERRORS
myvm1   -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.100:2376           v18.09.3   
myvm2   -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.101:2376           v18.09.3

连接虚拟机

$ docker-machine --native-ssh ssh myvm1
docker@myvm1:~$

初始化swarm以及添加节点

连接myvm1后：指定myvm1为swarm manager，192.168.99.100是myvm1的IP

docker@myvm1:~$ docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.99.100

Swarm initialized: current node (nvjzr75vnm3mkil2kkhd6jgf3) is now a manager.

To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:

    docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-52s3754sf6z3593m63vxp4augov6f8j1cqaj2xohus6q4awzkf-2z623eefvtduazuqljwjjw8s8 192.168.99.100:2377

To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.

CTRL+D退出连接，连接myvm2后：设置myvm2为swarm worker

docker@myvm2:~$ docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-52s3754sf6z3593m63vxp4augov6f8j1cqaj2xohus6q4awzkf-2z623eefvtduazuqljwjjw8s8 
192.168.99.100:2377

This node joined a swarm as a worker.

现在一个swarm已经创建完成

在swarm manager(myvm1)中查看所有节点：

docker@myvm1:~$ docker node ls

ID                            HOSTNAME            STATUS              AVAILABILITY        MANAGER STATUS      ENGINE VERSION
nvjzr75vnm3mkil2kkhd6jgf3 *   myvm1               Ready               Active              Leader              18.09.3
jjm2wnew5n6t1wy1oaxqa0y5l     myvm2               Ready               Active                                  18.09.3

另外一种与虚拟机对话方式

$ docker-machine env myvm1

export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.99.100:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/Users/sam/.docker/machine/machines/myvm1"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="myvm1"
# Run this command to configure your shell:
# eval $(docker-machine env myvm1)

运行：

eval $(docker-machine env myvm1)

现在实现了和ssh连接myvm1相同的结果:

docker node ls

好处之一就是虚拟机可以直接使用宿主机的文件

断开对话：

eval $(docker-machine env -u)

部署应用到swarm

使用eval $(docker-machine env myvm1)打开与myvm1的对话

$ docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab

Creating network getstartedlab_webnet
Creating service getstartedlab_web

如果docker-compose.yml里使用的镜像不是Docker Hub的：

docker login registry.example.com

docker stack deploy --with-registry-auth -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab

$ docker stack ps getstartedlab 
ID                  NAME                  IMAGE                                                     NODE                DESIRED STATE       CURRENT STATE                ERROR               PORTS
yb5xbwt75478        getstartedlab_web.1   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   myvm2               Running             Running about a minute ago                       
qv2kkg1pv4nk        getstartedlab_web.2   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   myvm1               Running             Running about a minute ago                       
9xv233qkma2c        getstartedlab_web.3   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   myvm2               Running             Running about a minute ago                       
nkh19eyoc461        getstartedlab_web.4   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   myvm2               Running             Running about a minute ago                       
ltgvcey52qcc        getstartedlab_web.5   registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   myvm1               Running

现在5个实例(容器)已经分布在俩个虚拟机中

查看myvm1的容器：其他的3个实例在myvm2中

$ docker container ls

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                     COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
2f078db7d57d        registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   "python app.py"     2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes        80/tcp              getstartedlab_web.2.qv2kkg1pv4nka4mspfo20byfj
65dd11245584        registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangyuheng/hello:1.0   "python app.py"     2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes        80/tcp              getstartedlab_web.5.ltgvcey52qccemijo4fldp9ky

测试

宿主机运行：192.168.99.101是任意一个虚拟机的IP

curl 192.168.99.101:4000

每次访问的Hostname不同，证实了集群的负载均衡

拓展应用

第一种：修改docker-compose.yml

第二种：使用docker swarm join为集群添加机器

这俩种操作之后，重新执行docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab

关闭应用

关闭stack

docker stack rm getstartedlab

关闭swarm:

docker swarm leave  // worker
docker swarm leave --force // manager

常用命令

docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm1 # Create a VM (Mac, Win7, Linux)
docker-machine create -d hyperv --hyperv-virtual-switch "myswitch" myvm1 # Win10
docker-machine env myvm1                # View basic information about your node
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker node ls"         # List the nodes in your swarm
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker node inspect <node ID>"        # Inspect a node
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm join-token -q worker"   # View join token
docker-machine ssh myvm1   # Open an SSH session with the VM; type "exit" to end
docker node ls                # View nodes in swarm (while logged on to manager)
docker-machine ssh myvm2 "docker swarm leave"  # Make the worker leave the swarm
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm leave -f" # Make master leave, kill swarm
docker-machine ls # list VMs, asterisk shows which VM this shell is talking to
docker-machine start myvm1            # Start a VM that is currently not running
docker-machine env myvm1      # show environment variables and command for myvm1
eval $(docker-machine env myvm1)         # Mac command to connect shell to myvm1
& "C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\Resources\bin\docker-machine.exe" env myvm1 | Invoke-Expression   # Windows command to connect shell to myvm1
docker stack deploy -c <file> <app>  # Deploy an app; command shell must be set to talk to manager (myvm1), uses local Compose file
docker-machine scp docker-compose.yml myvm1:~ # Copy file to node's home dir (only required if you use ssh to connect to manager and deploy the app)
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker stack deploy -c <file> <app>"   # Deploy an app using ssh (you must have first copied the Compose file to myvm1)
eval $(docker-machine env -u)     # Disconnect shell from VMs, use native docker
docker-machine stop $(docker-machine ls -q)               # Stop all running VMs
docker-machine rm $(docker-machine ls -q) # Delete all VMs and their disk images

Docker其他配置

镜像配置

/etc/docker/daemon.json

{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "http://141e5461.m.daocloud.io"
  ]
}

sudo service docker restart

DNS配置

Docker实例里的DNS可能出问题，所以配置Docker使用的DNS

/etc/docker/daemon.json

{
  "dns": ["your_dns_address", "8.8.8.8"]
}

sudo service docker restart

vczyh

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