RESTful API接口3（API接口的几种实现方式）

函数式编程 Function Based View

类视图编程 Class Based View

导包

from rest_framework.views import APIView

编写views.py代码

""" 类视图编程 Class Based View """


class CourseList(APIView):
    """
    查询课程
    """
    def get(self, request):
        """

        :param request:
        :return:
        """
        queryset = Course.objects.all()
        s = CourseSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)
        return Response(s.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    """
    添加课程
    """
    def post(self, request):
        """

        :param request:
        :return:
        """
        s = CourseSerializer(data=request.data)  # 调接口传过来的数据
        if s.is_valid():
            s.save(teacher=self.request.user)
            # 分别是<class 'django.http.request.QueryDict'> <class 'rest_framework.utils.serializer_helpers.ReturnDict'>
            print(type(request.data), type(s.data))
            return Response(data=s.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(data=s.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)


class CourseDetail(APIView):
    """
    方便共用对象
    """
    @staticmethod
    def get_object(pk):
        try:
            return Course.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except Course.DoesNotExist:
            return

    """
    查询课程
    """
    def get(self, request, pk):
        """
        :param request:
        :param pk:
        :return:
        """
        obj = self.get_object(pk=pk)
        if not obj:
            return Response(data={"msg": "没有此课程信息"}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        s = CourseSerializer(instance=obj)
        return Response(s.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    """
     修改课程
    """
    def put(self, request, pk):
        """
        :param request:
        :param pk:
        :return:
        """
        obj = self.get_object(pk=pk)
        if not obj:
            return Response(data={"msg": "没有此课程信息"}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

        s = CourseSerializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
        if s.is_valid():
            s.save()
            return Response(data=s.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
        return Response(data=s.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    """
       删除课程
      """
    def delete(self, request, pk):
        """

        :param request:
        :param pk:
        :return:
        """
        obj = self.get_object(pk=pk)
        if not obj:
            return Response(data={"msg": "没有此课程信息"}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        obj.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

添加路由

urlpatterns = [
    # FBV
    path('fbv/list', views.course_list, name="fbv-list"),  # name 表示网页返回显示的路由地址
    path('fbv/details/<int:pk>', views.course_details, name="fbv-details"),
    # Class Based View
    path('cbv/list', views.CourseList.as_view(), name="cbv-list"),
    path('cbv/detail/<int:pk>', views.CourseDetail.as_view(), name="cbv-detail")
]

参照上篇文章进行Postman测试；

FBV和CBV区别

1. 代码风格不同，FBV更容易理解，CBV可读性更好
2. CBV复用性更好
3. 路由写法不同

通用类视图 GENERIC Class Based View

对类视图简单操作进行的封装

导包

from rest_framework import generics

编写views.py代码

# 获取 添加
class GCourseList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    # queryset名字必须为这个
    queryset = Course.objects.all()
    serializer_class = CourseSerializer

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(teacher=self.request.user)


# 获取 修改 删除
class GCourseDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    # queryset名字必须为这个
    queryset = Course.objects.all()
    serializer_class = CourseSerializer

代码非常简单，可以简单看下源码

可以看到源码其实是帮我们实现了类视图写的代码。

添加路由

urlpatterns = [
    # FBV
    path('fbv/list', views.course_list, name="fbv-list"),  # name 表示网页返回显示的路由地址
    path('fbv/details/<int:pk>', views.course_details, name="fbv-details"),
    # Class Based View
    path('cbv/list', views.CourseList.as_view(), name="cbv-list"),
    path('cbv/detail/<int:pk>', views.CourseDetail.as_view(), name="cbv-detail"),

    # Generic Class Based View
    path("gcbv/list", views.GCourseList.as_view(), name="gcbv-list"),
    path("gcbv/detail/<int:pk>", views.GCourseDetail.as_view(), name="gcbv-detail"),
    
]

参照上篇文章进行Postman测试；

可以看到返回结果已经帮我们做了分页。

视图集viewsets

导包

from rest_framework import viewsets

编写views.py代码

"""四、 DRF的视图集viewsets"""


class CourseViewSets(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Course.objects.all()
    serializer_class = CourseSerializer

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(teacher=self.request.user)

添加路由

两种方式
1.

    # DRF viewsets
    path("viewsets", views.CourseViewSet.as_view(
        {"get": "list", "post": "create"}
    ), name="viewsets-list"),
    path("viewsets/<int:pk>", views.CourseViewSet.as_view(
        {"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "patch": "partial_update", "delete": "destroy"}
    ), name="viewsets-detail"),

字典里面key为请求方式，value 为函数名字，可以点进去源码看函数名字




随便点进去一个看一下即可：

导入 routers包

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

初始化、注册router

router = DefaultRouter()
# prefix 相当于url前缀
router.register(prefix='viewsets', viewset=views.CourseViewSets)

配置path

path("", include(router.urls))

参照上篇文章进行Postman测试；