java能够连接不同数据的原理是因为有不同的数据库驱动。
应用程序--》数据库驱动--》mysql或者oracle
jdbc代码:
public class Mysql {
/**
* 入口函数
* @param arg
*/
public static void main(String arg[]) {
try {
Connection con = null; //定义一个MYSQL链接对象
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance(); //MYSQL驱动
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test", "root", "root"); //链接本地MYSQL
Statement stmt; //创建声明
stmt = con.createStatement();
//新增一条数据
stmt.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO user (username, password) VALUES ('init', '123456')");
ResultSet res = stmt.executeQuery("select LAST_INSERT_ID()");
int ret_id;
if (res.next()) {
ret_id = res.getInt(1);
System.out.print(ret_id);
}
//删除一条数据
String sql = "DELETE FROM user WHERE id = 1";
long deleteRes = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); //如果为0则没有进行删除操作,如果大于0,则记录删除的条数
System.out.print("DELETE:" + deleteRes);
//更新一条数据
String updateSql = "UPDATE user SET username = 'xxxx' WHERE id = 2";
long updateRes = stmt.executeUpdate(updateSql);
System.out.print("UPDATE:" + updateRes);
//查询数据并输出
String selectSql = "SELECT * FROM user";
ResultSet selectRes = stmt.executeQuery(selectSql);
while (selectRes.next()) { //循环输出结果集
String username = selectRes.getString("username");
String password = selectRes.getString("password");
System.out.print("\r\n\r\n");
System.out.print("username:" + username + "password:" + password);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.print("MYSQL ERROR:" + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
jdbc是如何将一条数据插入mysql数据库中的:
1、通过Class.forName(""),加载mysql驱动。
2、通过DriverManager获取到与mysql数据库的连接。
3、通过已经获取到的Connection得到statement(声明)。为了防止sql注入,这里一般是用的是PreparedStatement,当然,如果用了PreparedStatement的话,
那么jdbc执行sql的语句也需要相应的改变:
public class Demo1 {
/**
* 增加
*/
@Test
public void testInsert() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql
String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES(?,?)"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.设置参数值
/**
* 参数一: 参数位置 从1开始
*/
stmt.setString(1, "李四");
stmt.setString(2, "男");
//5.发送参数,执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
}
}
/**
* 修改
*/
@Test
public void testUpdate() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql
String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME=? WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.设置参数值
/**
* 参数一: 参数位置 从1开始
*/
stmt.setString(1, "王五");
stmt.setInt(2, 9);
//5.发送参数,执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
}
}
/**
* 删除
*/
@Test
public void testDelete() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql
String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.设置参数值
/**
* 参数一: 参数位置 从1开始
*/
stmt.setInt(1, 9);
//5.发送参数,执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
}
}
/**
* 查询
*/
@Test
public void testQuery() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql
String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
//3.预编译
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.执行sql
rs = stmt.executeQuery();
//5.遍历rs
while(rs.next()){
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
String gender = rs.getString("gender");
System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
//关闭资源
JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt,rs);
}
}
}
4、通过statement.executeQuery(查询)或者statement.executeUpdate(增删改)执行sql语句,这样就可以将数据存到mysql数据库中。
5、如果是查询sql语句,获取resultset(结果集),遍历结果集,得到结果。