Java 无限级递归生成树级菜单

        有做过网站菜单的童鞋，都知道树级结构，因为展开的形式就是一棵树一样，有父节点、子节点。实现树级结构菜单的形式有很多，例如主从表的形式，一张表存父节点，一张表存子节点，这种方式可能存在一种问题，就是只能支持两级，并且不容易进行扩展。在这里，我想讲的是另一种形式，单表存储的方式。即一张表里面既有子节点，又有父节点，然后实现树级结构，具体介绍请往下看：

        一、表结构

如上图可以看到，每一条记录都有一个pid，代表的是父节点的ID，这里我们的菜单根节点，也就是最大的父节点的ID为-1，其他的都是他的子孙们。

        二、递归算法

        要想对这种数据进行组织形成最后的树级结构，需要才要递归算法，递归怎么理解？你就想它自己在不断调用自己就行了，当然，你需要注意的是它有一个特点，就是肯定有一个跳出递归的条件，否则岂不是会进入死循环吗？

public Map queryMenus(Map prams){
    List<Map> menus = ToLowerCaseForList(iSysUserDao.queryMenus(prams));
	Map retMap = new HashMap();
	retMap.put("menus",recursionMenu(menus));
	return retMap;
}
public List recursionMenu(List<Map> list){
	List treeList = new ArrayList();
	// 循环查出的list，找到根节点（最大的父节点）的子节点
    for(Map map : list){
        // 我们这里最大的根节点ID是-1，所以首先找pid为-1的子，然后调用我们的递归算法
	    if("-1".equals(map.get("pid").toString())){
		treeList.add(addChildMenu(map,list));
	    }
	}
	return treeList;
}

public List addChildMenu(Map parentMap, List<Map> list){
	List<Map> childList = new ArrayList<>();
    // 为每一个父节点增加子树（List形式，没有则为空的list）
	parentMap.put("children",childList);
 	for (Map childMap : list){
        //如果子节点的pid等于父节点的ID，则说明是父子关系
	    if(childMap.get("pid").toString().equals(parentMap.get("id").toString())){
		    // 是父子关系，则将其放入子list字面
            childList.add(childMap);
            // 继续调用递归算法，将当前作为父节点，继续找他的子节点，反复执行。
		    addChildMenu(childMap,list);
	    }
	}
    // 当遍历完成，返回调用的父节点的所有子节点
	return childList;
}

如代码所示，每次将一个子节点作为父节点，递归调用查找子节点方法，直到所有的子节点都找完，返回主方法，递归结束。

        三、结果展示

{
  "menus": [
    [
      {
        "code": "P2300",
        "i18nid": 361,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-blank",
        "pid": -3,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
        "i18ntype": "",
        "name": "VUE",
        "id": 656,
        "seq": 0
      }
    ],
    [
      {
        "code": "Report",
        "i18nid": 8,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-report",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
        "i18ntype": "zh_CN",
        "name": "统计报表",
        "id": 137,
        "seq": 40
      },
      {
        "code": "BoardMgr",
        "i18nid": 331,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-setting",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "./Board/BoardUrlIndex",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
        "i18ntype": "",
        "name": "看板管理",
        "id": 376,
        "seq": 50
      },
      {
        "code": "DeviceMgr",
        "i18nid": 6,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-devicemgr",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [
          {
            "code": "MonitorDevAlarm",
            "i18nid": 273,
            "useflag": 1,
            "icon": "icon-blank",
            "pid": 66,
            "functionurl": "./Technics/MonitorDevAlarm",
            "functionid": "",
            "padimg": "",
            "children": [],
            "i18ntype": "",
            "name": "设备告警",
            "id": 599,
            "seq": 15
          },
          {
            "code": "DeviceRecord",
            "i18nid": 278,
            "useflag": 1,
            "icon": "icon-blank",
            "pid": 66,
            "functionurl": "",
            "functionid": "",
            "padimg": "",
            "children": [
              {
                "code": "MaintainOperate",
                "i18nid": 285,
                "useflag": 2,
                "icon": "icon-blank",
                "pid": 616,
                "functionurl": "./Device/MaintainOperate",
                "functionid": "",
                "padimg": "",
                "children": [],
                "i18ntype": "",
                "name": "保养次数",
                "id": 621,
                "seq": 3
              },
              {
                "code": "SpotCheckOperate",
                "i18nid": 286,
                "useflag": 2,
                "icon": "icon-blank",
                "pid": 616,
                "functionurl": "./Device/SpotCheckOperate",
                "functionid": "",
                "padimg": "",
                "children": [],
                "i18ntype": "",
                "name": "点检次数",
                "id": 622,
                "seq": 6
              }
            ],
            "i18ntype": "",
            "name": "设备履历",
            "id": 616,
            "seq": 3
          }
          
        ],
        "i18ntype": "zh_CN",
        "name": "设备管理",
        "id": 66,
        "seq": 10
      },
      {
        "code": "systool",
        "i18nid": 12,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-systool",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
		"i18ntype": "zh_CN",
        "name": "开发关联",
        "id": 1,
        "seq": 99
      },
      {
        "code": "系统管理",
        "i18nid": 11,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-sysmgr",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
		"i18ntype": "zh_CN",
        "name": "系统管理",
        "id": 5,
        "seq": 98
      },
      {
        "code": "OrderMgr",
        "i18nid": 4,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-order",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
		"i18ntype": "zh_CN",
        "name": "工单管理",
        "id": 11,
        "seq": 0
      },
      {
        "code": "ProduceMonit",
        "i18nid": 333,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-producemonit",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
		"i18ntype": "",
        "name": "生产管理",
        "id": 22,
        "seq": 5
      },
      {
        "code": "Technics",
        "i18nid": 5,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-technics",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
		"i18ntype": "zh_CN",
        "name": "工艺管理",
        "id": 575,
        "seq": 20
      },
      {
        "code": "NotifyMgr",
        "i18nid": 9,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-board",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
		"i18ntype": "",
        "name": "预警管理",
        "id": 578,
        "seq": 49
      },
      {
        "code": "BasicData",
        "i18nid": 10,
        "useflag": 1,
        "icon": "icon-basicdata",
        "pid": -2,
        "functionurl": "",
        "functionid": "",
        "padimg": "",
        "children": [],
		"i18ntype": "",
        "name": "基础数据",
        "id": 157,
        "seq": 60
      }
    ]
  ]
}

这里的递归方法有一个不好的地方，就是每次调用的时候，都会传进最大的list，这就导致了，可能同一个节点被循环很多遍。

你有更好的办法解决吗？欢迎留言~~~ 我的另一种方法下回揭晓。