一、实验目的:
- 掌握继承的概念。
- 理解不同的继承类型。
二、实验内容:
在前实验基础上,
设计一个基类Account用来表述所有账户的共性,然后将SavingsAccount类变为其派生类,此外还要再派生出用来表示信用账户的类CreditAccount。
(1)基类中保留账号,余额,和表示账户总金额的静态数据成员,以及用于读取它们的成员函数和用来输出账户信息的show函数。存、取、结算利息的函数分别放到各个派生类中。
(2)信用账户类CreditAccount
class CreditAccount:public Account
{
double credit; //信用额度
double rate; //欠款的日利率
double fee; //信用卡年费
double getDebt() const; //获得欠款额
public:
double getAvailableCredit() const; //获得可用信用额度
};
(3)将整个程序分为5或6个文件:date.h account.h是类定义头文件,date.cpp account.cpp是类实现文件,6.cpp是主函数文件。(可把累加功能单独作为一个类来写,就可增加一个该类的头文件。)
提示:
头文件里先写:
#ifndef _DATE_H_
#define _DATE_H_
#endif (头文件结束时写)
要求:
(1)定义类对象,测试程序的正确性
定义两个储蓄账户s0和s1,年利率都是1.5%,都在2008年11月1日创建账户,随后s0在2008年11月5日和2008年12月5日分别存入5000元和5500元,s1在2008年11月25日和2008年12月20日分别存入10000元和取出4000元。
定义一个信用账户c0,信用额度是1万元,年费是50元,日利率是千分之0.5,在2008年11月1日创建账户,随后在2008年11月15日和2008年12月1日分别取出2000元和还清欠款。
2009年1月1日分别输出s0、s1、c0的信息(账号、余额)及所有账户的总额。
源代码:
main.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include "date.h"
#include "account.h"
using namespace std;
double Account::total = 0;
int main()
{
//账户1001的相关程序
Date d01(2008,11,5),d02(2008,12,5),d11(2008,11,25),d12(2008,12,20),d2(2009,1,1),dc1(2008,11,15),dc2(2008,12,1);
cout<<"账户1001的相关信息:"<<endl;
SavingsAccount s0(2008,11,1,1001,0,0.015);
s0.deposit(d01,5000);
s0.deposit(d02,5500);
s0.settle(d2);
d2.show();
s0.show();
cout<<endl;
//账户1002的相关程序
cout<<"账户1002的相关信息:"<<endl;
SavingsAccount s1(2008,11,1,1002,0,0.015);
s1.deposit(d11,10000);
s1.withdraw(d12,4000);
s1.settle(d2);
d2.show();
s1.show();
cout<<endl;
//账户1003的相关程序
cout<<"账户1003的相关信息:"<<endl;
CreditAccount c0(2008,11,1,1003,0,10000,0.0005,50);
c0.deposit(dc1,2000);
c0.withdraw(dc2,2000);
c0.withdraw(dc2,-c0.getDebt(dc2));
c0.getDebt(d2);
d2.show();
c0.show();
cout<<endl;
//所有账户的相关程序
cout<<"所有账户总金额:"<<endl;
d2.show();
c0.getTotal();
return 0;
}
account.h:
#ifndef ACCOUNT_H_
#define ACCOUNT_H_
#include "date.h"
class Account
{
protected:
int id;
double balance;
static double total;
public:
Account(int id,double balance);
const int getId() {return id;}
const double getBalance() {return balance;}
static void getTotal();
void show();
};
class SavingsAccount: public Account
{
double rate;
Date lastDate;
double accumulation=0;
const double accumulate(Date date);
public:
SavingsAccount(int year,int month,int day,int id,double balance,double Rate);
void deposit(Date date,double amount);
void withdraw(Date date,double amount);
void settle(Date date);
const double getRate() {return rate;}
const void show();
};
class CreditAccount:public Account
{
protected:
double credit;
double rate;
double fee;
Date lastDate;
public:
CreditAccount(int year,int month,int day,int id,double balance,double credit,double rate,double fee);
double getAvailableCredit() {return credit;}
void deposit(Date date,double amount);
void withdraw(Date date,double amount);
double getDebt(Date date);
void settle(Date date);
const void show();
};
#endif // ACCOUNT_H_INCLUDED
account.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include "account.h"
using namespace std;
Account::Account(int Id,double Balance)
{
id=Id;
balance=Balance;
}
void Account::show()
{
cout<<"账号:"<<getId()<<"\t余额: "<<getBalance()<<"元"<<endl;
}
void Account::getTotal()
{
cout<<"所有账户总金额: "<<total<<"元"<<endl;
}
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int year,int month,int day,int id,double balance,double Rate):Account(id,balance),lastDate(year,month,day)
{
rate=Rate;
cout<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日\t";
cout<<"ID为:"<<id<<"的账户已创建成功!"<<endl;
}
const double SavingsAccount::accumulate(Date date)
{
return lastDate.distance(date)*balance;
}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(Date date,double amount)
{
accumulation+=accumulate(date);
balance+=amount;
lastDate = date;
total+=amount;
cout<<date.getYear()<<"年"<<date.getMonth()<<"月"<<date.getDay()<<"日\t";
cout<<"账户"<<id<<"存入: "<<amount<<"元"<<"\t\t"<<"账户"<<id<<"余额: "<<balance<<"元"<<endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(Date date,double amount)
{
accumulation+=accumulate(date);
balance-=amount;
lastDate = date;
total-=amount;
cout<<date.getYear()<<"年"<<date.getMonth()<<"月"<<date.getDay()<<"日\t";
cout<<"账户"<<id<<"取出: "<<amount<<"元"<<"\t\t"<<"账户"<<id<<"余额: "<<balance<<"元"<<endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(Date date)
{
double settle = 0;
accumulation+=accumulate(date);
settle = accumulation/356*rate;
cout<<date.getYear()<<"年"<<date.getMonth()<<"月"<<date.getDay()<<"日\t";
cout<<"账户"<<id<<"结算利息: "<<settle<<"元"<<endl;
deposit(date,settle);
}
const void SavingsAccount::show()
{
Account::show();
}
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(int year,int month,int day,int id,double balance,double Credit,double Rate,double Fee): Account(id,balance),lastDate(year,month,day)
{
credit=Credit;
fee=Fee;
rate=Rate;
cout<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日\t";
cout<<"ID为:"<<id<<"的账户已创建成功!"<<endl;
}
double CreditAccount::getDebt(Date date)
{
settle(date);
return balance;
}
void CreditAccount::deposit(Date date,double amount)
{
settle(date);
if(credit<=0 || amount>credit)
{
date.show();
cout<<"账户"<<id<<"\t信用卡可用额度不足,请及时还款!"<<endl;
}
else
{
balance-=amount;
credit-=amount;
date.show();
cout<<"账户"<<id<<"\t信用卡已用额度: "<<amount<<"元"<<"\t\t信用卡剩余额度: "<<credit<<"元"<<endl;
total-=amount;
}
}
void CreditAccount::withdraw(Date date,double amount)
{
settle(date);
balance+=amount;
if((credit+amount)<=10000)
{
credit=credit+amount;
}
else
{
credit=10000;
}
total+=amount;
date.show();
cout<<"账户"<<id<<"\t信用卡还款: "<<amount<<"元"<<"\t\t信用卡剩余额度: "<<credit<<"元"<<endl;
}
void CreditAccount::settle(Date date)
{
double settle=0;
if((date.getMonth()<lastDate.getMonth())||(date.getYear()>lastDate.getYear()))
{
for(int i=1;i<=date.getYear()-lastDate.getYear();i++)
{
settle+=fee;
}
}
if(date.getDay()==1||date.getMonth()>lastDate.getMonth()||date.getYear()>lastDate.getYear())
{
if(date.getYear()==lastDate.getYear())
{
for(int j=1;j<=(date.getMonth()-lastDate.getMonth());j++)
{
for(int m=1;m<=lastDate.distance(date);m++)
{
settle-=balance*rate;
}
}
}
else
{
for(int j=1;j<=(date.getMonth()-lastDate.getMonth())+12;j++)
{
for(int m=1;m<=lastDate.distance(date);m++)
{
settle-=balance*rate;
}
}
}
}
else
{
settle-=0;
}
balance-=settle;
total-=settle;
lastDate=date;
}
const void CreditAccount::show()
{
Account::show();
}
date.h:
#ifndef DATE_H_INCLUDED
#define DATE_H_INCLUDED
class Date
{
int year, month, day;
int totalDays;
public:
Date(int year, int month, int day);
int getYear() const { return year; }
int getMonth() const { return month; }
int getDay() const { return day; }
void show() const;
bool isLeapYear(int year) const;
int distance(const Date& date) {return date.totalDays-totalDays;}
};
#endif // DATE_H_INCLUDED
date.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include "date.h"
using namespace std;
Date::Date(int Year, int Month, int Day)
{
year=Year;
month=Month;
day=Day;
int Days=0;
for(int i=0;i<year;i++)
{
if(isLeapYear(i)==true)
Days=Days+366;
else
Days=Days+365;
}
switch(month){
case 1:Days+=0;break;
case 2:Days+=31;break;
case 3:Days+=59;break;
case 4:Days+=90;break;
case 5:Days+=120;break;
case 6:Days+=151;break;
case 7:Days+=181;break;
case 8:Days+=212;break;
case 9:Days+=243;break;
case 10:Days+=273;break;
case 11:Days+=304;break;
case 12:Days+=334;break;
default:cout<<"month error!"<<endl;
}
totalDays=Days+day;
}
void Date::show() const
{
cout<<getYear()<<"年"<<getMonth()<<"月"<<getDay()<<"日\t";
}
bool Date::isLeapYear(int year) const
{
if((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
运行截图:
学习掌握
掌握继承的概念,理解不同的继承类型。
继承是连接类与类的一种层次模型。继承使一个既有类(基类或父类)的数据结构和函数被另一个类(派生类或子类)重用,在派生类中只需描述其基类中没有的数据和操作即可。
对前几次实验的进一步发展完善,增加了信用卡部分,学习使用了继承,无需修改已有类,只需在已有类的基础上,通过增加少量代码或修改少量代码的方法得到新的类,提高了项目程序完善的高效性。