Ubuntu操作系统安装 Java JDK环境

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操作系统信息

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Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-135-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage
New release '20.04.2 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.


Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !

Last login: Mon Apr  5 09:59:22 2021 from 183.253.15.148
root@itaso:~# lsb_release -a	//查看操作系统信息
LSB Version:    core-9.20170808ubuntu1-noarch:security-9.20170808ubuntu1-noarch
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS
Release:        18.04
Codename:       bionic
root@itaso:~# 

检查是否已有JDK环境：java -version

root@itaso:~# java -version

Command 'java' not found, but can be installed with:

apt install default-jre            
apt install openjdk-11-jre-headless
apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless 
//以上信息表示当前并没有JDK环境，并提供了在线安装方式，此处不采用在线安装方式
root@itaso:~# 

root@itaso:~# java -version		
java version "1.8.0_191"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)
//以上信息为当前已安装好的JDK版本信息
root@itaso:~# 

离线包安装

1. 上传Java JDK 离线包并进行解压:压缩包存放目录没有要求

root@itaso:~/soft# ls
jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz
root@itaso:~/soft# 

2. 解压:tar -zxf jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz

root@itaso:~/soft# ls
jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz
root@itaso:~/soft# tar -zxf jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz	//解压tar.gz格式的指令 
root@itaso:~/soft# ls
jdk1.8.0_191  jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz	//jdk1.8.0_191为解压出来的JDK文件夹
root@itaso:~/soft# 

3. 移动解压出来的JDK到指定目录下:mv jdk1.8.0_191/ /usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_191
   备注：该目录为个人指定的环境安装目录，非必须执行

root@itaso:~/soft# ls
jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz
root@itaso:~/soft# tar -zxf jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz	//解压tar.gz格式的指令 
root@itaso:~/soft# ls
jdk1.8.0_191  jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz
root@itaso:~/soft# mv jdk1.8.0_191/ /usr/local/java/
root@itaso:~/soft# cd /usr/local/java/
root@itaso:/usr/local/java# ls
jdk1.8.0_191
root@itaso:/usr/local/java# 

4. 配置环境变量
   面向指定用户：该用户 home 目录下的 .bash_profile 文件
   面向所有用户：/etc/profile
   面向操作系统：/etc/environment 不建议使用
   刷新环境变量配置的修改：source /etc/profile

在/etc/profile末尾追加如下环境配置，退出后source配置

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_191
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

5. 刷新上述修改的配置:source /etc/profile

到这里，即已经安装并配置好了JDK环境:java -version