归档与解归档是啥 你懂么～

今天上午讲的内容是，关于归档和解归档的问题
标准分辨归档的格式是：
NSString *str = @"abc";
[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:str toFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/test.plist"];
//将字符串str写入test.plist文件，归档

标准分辨解归档的格式是：
NSString *str1 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/test.plist];
//将test.plist文件的内容读取到字符串str1，解档

两句对比:
[NSKeyedArchiver     archiveRootObject:str       

toFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/test.plist"];

[NSKeyedUnarchiver   unarchiveObjectWithFile:     

@"/Users/apple/Desktop/test.plist];

关键词: archiver 与 unarchiver

归档与解归档作用的对象，可以是不一样的，珊哥今天的讲解的方式是，通过不断的归档与解归档来比较，两个不同的对象在进行归档与解归档的时候它的值的变化。

除了归档与解归档以外，其他方面也是有所接触，例如在进行归档与解归档的时候，引用的协议相关动作的步骤:
--> <NSCoding> 
--> command+单击  
--> - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder;
    - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder;
    这两个方式是在引用 NSCoding 协议以后必须要完成的:
--> - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
    {
        [aCoder encodeObject:_name forKey:kNameKey];
        [aCoder encodeInteger:_age forKey:kAgeKey];
        [aCoder encodeObject:_dog forKey:kDogKey];
        //
    }

    - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
    {
        self = [super init];
        if (self) {
        self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:kNameKey];
        self.age = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:kAgeKey];
        self.dog = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:kDogKey];
    }
        return self;

ps:讲到这里我发现我犯了一个错:
        self.age = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:kAgeKey];
这一句我也成了:
        self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:kAgeKey];
写代码的时候，我时常会犯一些错，然后使劲看代码找错误，现在学着珊哥说的那样，先看错误提示找准哪里错了，再改。可是看不懂，错误提示～真坑，争取以后错了找个本子记下来吧，这样的话虽然很不方便，也不失为一个办法吧!只要是按我想的发展，按道理来说应该是有用的！

此外，必须还需要进行宏定义三个变量:

#define kNameKey    @"name"
#define kAgeKey     @"age"
#define kDogKey     @"dog"

以上操作是新建Student.m文件中进行
另外在 新建Student.h 文件中
对 name 、 age 、 dog 三个属性进行定义:

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger age;
@property (nonatomic, strong) Dog *dog;
对于归档与解归档的代码验证，如下:
ViewController.h
->
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "Student.h"

@interface ViewController : UIViewController
@property (nonatomic,strong) Student *student;
@end
<-

ViewController.m
->
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Student.h"
#import "Dog.h"

@interface ViewController ()
@end

@implementation ViewController
            
- (void)viewDidLoad 
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    NSString *str = @"abc";
    [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:str toFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/test.plist"];
    //将字符串str写入test.plist文件，归档
    
    NSString *str1 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/test.plist"];
    //将test.plist的文件内容读取到字符串str1，解档
    NSLog(@"%@",str1);
    
    Student *stu = [[Student alloc]init];
    stu.name = @"Zhangsan";
    stu.age = 30;
    
    [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:stu toFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/student.plist"];
    Student *stu1 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/student.plist"];
    // 上面两条语句的意思是将 stu 的值存档，地址也给出了。再由 stu1 进行读档，即将文档的内容读取出来，并且赋值给 stu1.
    NSLog(@"%@,%@",stu.name,stu1.name);
    NSLog(@"___%d,%d",stu.age,stu1.age);
    NSLog(@"%@:%p %@:%p",str,stu,str1,stu1);
    
    NSData *stuData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:stu];
    [stuData writeToFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/stu.plist" atomically:YES];
    
    NSData *stuData2 = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/stu.plist"];
//    NSLog(@"~~~%d",stuData2);
    
    Student *stu3 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:stuData2];
    NSLog(@"%@:%d----%@:%d",stu.name,stu.age,stu3.name,stu3.age);
    NSUserDefaults *userDefaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    [userDefaults setObject:stuData forKey:@"xxxx"];
    
    NSData *stuData3 = [userDefaults objectForKey:@"xxxx"];
    
    Student *stu4 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:stuData3];
    NSLog(@"%@:%d",stu4.name,stu4.age);
    
    stu4.dog = [[Dog alloc]init];
    stu4.dog.name = @"小强";
    [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:stu4 toFile:@"/Users/apple/Desktop/dog.plist"];
    NSLog(@"%@",stu4.dog.name);
    
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning 
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

@end

<-

Student.h
->
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"

@interface Student : NSObject <NSCoding>
@property (nonatomic,assign) NSInteger age;
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic,strong) Dog *dog;

@end
<-

Student.m
->
#import "Student.h"
#define  kAgeKey  @"age"
#define  kNameKey  @"name"
#define  kDogKey  @"dog"
@implementation Student
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
    [aCoder encodeInt:_age forKey:@"age"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:_name forKey:@"name"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:_dog forKey:@"dog"];
}

- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
    self = [super init];
    self.age = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:kAgeKey];
    self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:kNameKey];
    self.dog = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:kDogKey];
    return self;
}

@end
<-

Dog.h
->
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject <NSCoding>
@property (nonatomic,copy)NSString *name;
@end
<-

Dog.m
->
#import "Dog.h"

#define kDogNameKey @"name"

@implementation Dog

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
    [aCoder encodeObject:_name forKey:kDogNameKey];
}

- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:kDogNameKey];
    }
    return self;
}

@end
<-