0. 二叉搜索树 BinarySearchTree
- 父节点始终比其左孩子上的节点值要大,比右孩子上的节点值要小
- 元素值需要有比较的能力
/**
* Created by Enzo Cotter on 2018/7/16.
*/
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node{
public E e;
public Node left,right;
public Node(E e){
this.e = e;
left = right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null ;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(Object obj) {
return size == 0;
}
}
1. 添加新元素
public void add(E e){
root = add(root,e);
}
private Node add(Node node,E e){
if (node == null){
size++;
return new Node(e);
}
if (e.compareTo(node.e)<0)
node.left = add(node.left,e);
else if (e.compareTo(node.e)>0)
node.right = add(node.right,e);
return node;
}
2. 查找一个元素
public boolean contains(E e){
return contains(root,e);
}
private boolean contains(Node node,E e){
if (node == null)
return false;
if (e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
return true;
else if (e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
return contains(node.left,e);
else
return contains(node.right,e);
}
3. 二叉搜索树的前序遍历
public void preOrder(){
preOrder(root);
}
private void preOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return ;
System.out.println(node.e);
preOrder(node.left);
preOrder(node.right);
}
public void preOrderNR(){
Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
stack.push(root);
while (stack.isEmpty()){
Node cur = stack.pop();
System.out.println(cur.e);
if (cur.right != null)
stack.push(cur.right);
if (cur.left != null)
stack.push(cur.left);
}
}
- 前序遍历的方式override toString方法
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
generateBSTString(root,0,res);
return res.toString();
}
private void generateBSTString(Node node,int depth,StringBuilder res){
if (node == null){
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + "null\n");
return;
}
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + node.e + "\n");
generateBSTString(node.left,depth+1,res);
generateBSTString(node.right,depth+1,res);
}
private String generateDepthString(int depth){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < depth ; i++)
res.append("--");
return res.toString();
}
4. 中序遍历、后序遍历
- 中序遍历的是个顺序排列的结果
- 后序遍历的应用: 为二叉搜索树释放内存
public void inOrder(){
inOrder(root);
}
private void inOrder(Node node){
if (node == null)
return;
inOrder(node.left);
System.out.println(node.e);
inOrder(node.right);
}
public void postOrder(){
postOrder(root);
}
public void postOrder(Node node){
if (node == null)
return;
postOrder(node.left);
postOrder(node.right);
System.out.println(node.e);
}
5. 完整代码
public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>> {
private class Node{
public E e;
public Node left, right;
public Node(E e){
this.e = e;
left = null;
right = null;
}
}
private Node root;
private int size;
public BST(){
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public int size(){
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
public void add(E e){
root = add(root, e);
}
private Node add(Node node, E e){
if(node == null){
size ++;
return new Node(e);
}
if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
node.left = add(node.left, e);
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0)
node.right = add(node.right, e);
return node;
}
public boolean contains(E e){
return contains(root, e);
}
private boolean contains(Node node, E e){
if(node == null)
return false;
if(e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
return true;
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
return contains(node.left, e);
else
return contains(node.right, e);
}
public void preOrder(){
preOrder(root);
}
private void preOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
System.out.println(node.e);
preOrder(node.left);
preOrder(node.right);
}
public void preOrderNR(){
Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
stack.push(root);
while(!stack.isEmpty()){
Node cur = stack.pop();
System.out.println(cur.e);
if(cur.right != null)
stack.push(cur.right);
if(cur.left != null)
stack.push(cur.left);
}
}
public void inOrder(){
inOrder(root);
}
private void inOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
inOrder(node.left);
System.out.println(node.e);
inOrder(node.right);
}
public void postOrder(){
postOrder(root);
}
private void postOrder(Node node){
if(node == null)
return;
postOrder(node.left);
postOrder(node.right);
System.out.println(node.e);
}
public void levelOrder(){
Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<>();
q.add(root);
while(!q.isEmpty()){
Node cur = q.remove();
System.out.println(cur.e);
if(cur.left != null)
q.add(cur.left);
if(cur.right != null)
q.add(cur.right);
}
}
public E minimum(){
if(size == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BST is empty!");
return minimum(root).e;
}
private Node minimum(Node node){
if(node.left == null)
return node;
return minimum(node.left);
}
public E maximum(){
if(size == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("BST is empty");
return maximum(root).e;
}
private Node maximum(Node node){
if(node.right == null)
return node;
return maximum(node.right);
}
public E removeMin(){
E ret = minimum();
root = removeMin(root);
return ret;
}
private Node removeMin(Node node){
if(node.left == null){
Node rightNode = node.right;
node.right = null;
size --;
return rightNode;
}
node.left = removeMin(node.left);
return node;
}
public E removeMax(){
E ret = maximum();
root = removeMax(root);
return ret;
}
private Node removeMax(Node node){
if(node.right == null){
Node leftNode = node.left;
node.left = null;
size --;
return leftNode;
}
node.right = removeMax(node.right);
return node;
}
public void remove(E e){
root = remove(root, e);
}
private Node remove(Node node, E e){
if( node == null )
return null;
if( e.compareTo(node.e) < 0 ){
node.left = remove(node.left , e);
return node;
}
else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0 ){
node.right = remove(node.right, e);
return node;
}
else{
if(node.left == null){
Node rightNode = node.right;
node.right = null;
size --;
return rightNode;
}
if(node.right == null){
Node leftNode = node.left;
node.left = null;
size --;
return leftNode;
}
Node successor = minimum(node.right);
successor.right = removeMin(node.right);
successor.left = node.left;
node.left = node.right = null;
return successor;
}
}
@Override
public String toString(){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
generateBSTString(root, 0, res);
return res.toString();
}
private void generateBSTString(Node node, int depth, StringBuilder res){
if(node == null){
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + "null\n");
return;
}
res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + node.e +"\n");
generateBSTString(node.left, depth + 1, res);
generateBSTString(node.right, depth + 1, res);
}
private String generateDepthString(int depth){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0 ; i < depth ; i ++)
res.append("--");
return res.toString();
}
}