问题:
你需要执行简单的时间转换,比如天到秒,小时到分钟等的转换。
解决方案:
为了执行不同时间单位的转换和计算,请使用datatime模块,比如,为了表示一个时间段,可以创建一个timedatela实例,就像下面这样:
from datetime import timedelta
a=timedelta(days=2,hours=6)
b=timedelta(hours=4.5)
c=a+b
print(c.days)# ->2
print(c.seconds) # ->37800
print(c.seconds/3600)# ->10.5
print(c.total_seconds()/3600)# ->58.5
print(c.total_seconds())# ->210600.0
如果你想表示指定的日期和时间,先创建一个datetime实例然后使用运算来操作它们。比如:
from datetime import datetime
a = datetime(2012, 9, 23)
print(a + timedelta(days=10)) # ->2012-10-03 00:00:00
b = datetime.today()
d = b - a
print(d.days) # ->3456
now = datetime.today()
print(now) # ->2022-03-11 17:34:39.944351
print(now + timedelta(minutes=10)) # ->2022-03-11 17:44:39.944351
在计算的时候,需要注意的是datetime会自动处理闰年。比如:
a = datetime(2012, 3, 1)
b = datetime(2012, 2, 28)
print(a - b) # ->2 days, 0:00:00
print(timedelta(2)) # _-2 days, 0:00:00
print((a - b).days)# ->2
c = datetime(2013, 3, 1)
d = datetime(2013, 2, 28)
print((c - d).days)# ->1
讨论:
对于大多数基本的日期和时间处理问题,datetime模块已经足够了,如果你需要执行更加复杂的日期操作,比如处理时区,模糊时间范围,节假日计算等等,可以考虑使用dateutil模块
a = datetime(2022, 3, 11)
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
print(a + relativedelta(months=+1))# ->2022-04-11 00:00:00
print(a + relativedelta(months=+4))# ->2022-07-11 00:00:00
b = datetime(2021, 6, 19)
print(a - b)# ->265 days, 0:00:00
d = relativedelta(a, b)
print(d)# ->relativedelta(months=+8, days=+20)
print(d.months)# ->8
print(d.days)# ->20