搭建SpringBoot环境非常简单,不需要各种配置文件,也不需要各种pom坐标
一个main入口方法一个@SpringBootApplication注解即可,为什么这样就可以呢
首先我们从Main方法开始
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
这个的@SpringBootApplication注解是关键,它是一个复合注解,让我们进去瞅瞅
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
excludeFilters = {@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class})})
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
//...
}
我们发现@SpringBootApplication注解中有七个注解,但其中的三个注解起到了至关重要的作用分别是↓
@SpringBootConfiguration:我们点进去以后可以发现底层是Configuration注解,说白了就是表示这个spring boot启动类是一个配置类,最终要被注入到spring容器中。
@EnableAutoConfiguration:开启自动配置功能(后文详解)
@ComponentScan:这个注解,学过Spring的同学应该对它不会陌生,就是扫描注解,默认是扫描当前类下的package。将@Controller/@Service/@Component/@Repository等注解加载到IOC容器中
我们来说说@EnableAutoConfiguration这个注解,它也是哥复合注解,其中包含了两个比较重要的注解@AutoConfigurationPackage和@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)注解
上源码↓
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
String[] excludeName() default {};
}
让我们先来看看@AutoConfigurationPackage注解它干了什么,进去看看
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import({Registrar.class})
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
String[] basePackages() default {};
Class<?>[] basePackageClasses() default {};
}
没错它其中就是使用了一个@Import({Registrar.class})注解,其中 Registrar 类的作用是将启动类所在包下的所有子包的组件扫描注入到spring容器中
上源码↓
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
Registrar() {
}
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
AutoConfigurationPackages.register(registry, (String[])(new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImports(metadata)).getPackageNames().toArray(new String[0]));//没错就是这段
}
public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
return Collections.singleton(new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImports(metadata));
}
}
OK我们回到@EnableAutoConfiguration上的 @Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})注解,看看它干了什么,这个@Import注解包含了一个AutoConfigurationImportSelector类,我们进入AutoConfigurationImportSelector的源码,看看有啥
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
} else {
AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);//开始调用getAutoConfigurationEntry
return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
}
}
protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
} else {
AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);//得到很多的配置
configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = this.getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
}
然后我们进入getCandidateConfigurations方法看看干了什么
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
//这里的this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass()就是筛选出以EnableAutoConfiguration为Key的信息
List<String> configurations = new ArrayList(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader()));
ImportCandidates.load(AutoConfiguration.class, this.getBeanClassLoader()).forEach(configurations::add);
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories nor in META-INF/spring/org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration.imports. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
里面有一哥很重要的方法loadFactoryNames(),我们点进去看看
源代码如下↓
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader;
if (classLoader == null) {
classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader();
}
String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoaderToUse).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
}
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) {
Map<String, List<String>> result = (Map)cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
} else {
HashMap result = new HashMap();
try {
//这句很重要加载的就是这里,不同版本代码可能不太一样,我这是2.7.5
Enumeration urls = classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();
while(var6.hasNext()) {
Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry)var6.next();
String factoryTypeName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
String[] factoryImplementationNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
String[] var10 = factoryImplementationNames;
int var11 = factoryImplementationNames.length;
for(int var12 = 0; var12 < var11; ++var12) {
String factoryImplementationName = var10[var12];
((List)result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, (key) -> {
return new ArrayList();
})).add(factoryImplementationName.trim());
}
}
}
result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> {
return (List)implementations.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList));
});
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
} catch (IOException var14) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var14);
}
}
}
总结一下就是
Spring启动的时候会扫描所有jar路径下的META-INF/spring.factories,将其文件包装成Properties对象
从Properties对象获取到key值为EnableAutoConfiguration的数据,然后添加到容器里
最后我们会默认加载113个默认的配置类