DQL代表数据查询语言,它用于从数据库中检索数据。最常见的DQL语言是SQL(Structured Query Language),它允许用户通过各种查询来获取所需的数据。基本的SQL查询包括SELECT语句,它允许用户指定要检索的列以及筛选条件,以便从数据库表中获取特定的数据。
#从指定表根据条件筛选过滤查询指定列
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
常用SQL SELECT功能:
1、SELECT:筛选返回列
SELECT column1,column2 FROM table_name;
2、WHERE:条件筛选
SELECT column1,column2 FROM table_name WHERE condition;
3、AND,OR,NOT:多条件过滤
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name WHERE condition1 AND condition2;
4、DISTINCT:去重过滤
SELECT DISTINCT column1 FROM table_name;
5、GROUP BY:根据指定列进行分组
SELECT column1, COUNT(column2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1;
6、ORDER BY:结果排序
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name ORDER BY column1 ASC/DESC;
7、HAVING:与GROUP BY配合使用,进行分组过滤
SELECT column1, COUNT(column2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1 HAVING COUNT(column2) > 10;
8、LIMIT:限制返回行数
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name LIMIT 10;
9、聚合函数COUNT()、SUM()、AVG()、MIN()、MAX()
#COUNT(): 计算行数或满足特定条件的行数
SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name;
#SUM(): 计算数值列的总和
SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name;
#AVG(): 计算数值列的平均值
SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name;
#MIN(): 找到数值列的最小值
SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name;
#MAX(): 找到数值列的最大值
SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name;