时间转换

1. the difference between UTC and Local Time;

    UTC: the abbreviation  for Universal Time Coordinated,  as the same as GMT, is the London local time.

    GMT: the abbreviation for Greewich Mean Time. is the London local time.

        UTC + Time Zone = Local Time;

        eg 1: Bei Jing Time Zone is  East 8 , so BeiJing Time = UTC + ( + 0800 );   New York  Time Zone is West 5, so New York Time = UTM + ( - 0500 );

        so  BeiJing Time is 13 hour first than New York Time;  

2. two struct to time data

    time_t :  calendar time, when interpreted as an absoluted time value, it represents the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 on January 1, 1970.

    tm:         broken-down time, is a representation separated into year, month, day, etc;

    struct tm {

        int  tm_sec;

        int  tm_min;

        int  tm_hour;

        int  tm_mday;

        int  tm_mon;

        int  tm_year;

        int  tm_wday;

        int  tm_yday;

        int  tm_isdst;

    } 

3.  functions take an argument of data type time_t;

    char *ctime(const time_t *timep);

    struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *timep);

    struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timep);

            this function change the UTC to local time, interpresent as break-down format. but, it should notice thant the tm_mon should add 1, because the month

            is begin with 0; and tm_year should add 1900, because the year is begin with 1900;

            also you can converse struct *tm to time_t by function mktime( );

            if you reference lacaltime() frequently, you can manually call tzset( ) to read the time zone from file to memory.

    time(const time_t *timep);

 

4.  functions take an argument of data type struct tm;

 char *asctime(const struct tm *tm);

 time_t mktime(struct tm *tm);

 

int main()
{  
      time_t cur_time;
      struct tm *t, *p;

      time(&cur_time);
      t = gmtime(&cur_time);
      p = localtime(&cur_time);
   
      printf("time 1: %d/%d/%d,%d, %d:%d:%d\n",(1900+ t->tm_year),(1+ t->tm_mon), t->tm_mday, t->tm_wday, t->tm_hour, t->tm_min, t->tm_sec);
      printf("time 2: %s\n", ctime(&cur_time));
      printf("time 3: %d/%d/%d,%d, %d:%d:%d\n",(1900+ p->tm_year),(1+ p->tm_mon), p->tm_mday, p->tm_wday, p->tm_hour, p->tm_min, p->tm_sec);
      printf("time 4: %s\n", asctime(t));
      printf("time 5: %d, %d\n", cur_time, mktime(t));
      return 0;
}

result:

time 1: 2011/9/23,5, 12:28:8
time 2: Fri Sep 23 12:28:08 2011

time 3: 2011/9/23,5, 12:28:8
time 4: Fri Sep 23 12:28:08 2011

time 5: 1316795288, 1316795288

 

5. function of time format 

size_t strftime(char *s, size_t max, const char *format, const struct tm *tm);

              format the broken-down time "tm" according to the format specification "format", and place the result in the character array "s" of size max;

 char *strptime(const char *s, const char *format, struct tm *tm);

             converts the character string pointed to by "s" to value which are stored in the tm struct pointed to by tm, using the format specified by "format".