【Java】练习：图书管理系统

我们要实现的功能：

1. 我们的用户可以分为==》管理员和用户。

2. 我们要实现的内容====》

查找图书==新增图书==删除图书==显示图书==退出系统==借阅图书==归还图书

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1. 首先，我们先建一个Book包。

1.1 我们可以在包下，先定义一个Book类。

在Book类里面，我们把所有的对象定义为一个私有对象，那么接下来我们就要写Getter和Setter，当然构造方法和toString方法也不能忘记。

package book;

public class Book {
    //首先先输入书的所有属性
    private String name;
    private String auter;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;//isBorrowed默认是false
    //构造方法也必须是要有的；因为数存进来默认都是未借出的，所以构造方法里没必要写入isBorrowed.
    public Book(String name, String auter, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.auter = auter;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }
    //因为所有属性都是私有的，现在来写get和set方法。
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuter() {
        return auter;
    }

    public void setAuter(String auter) {
        this.auter = auter;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }
    //当然，toString方法也不能忘了
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", auter='" + auter + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                (isBorrowed == true ? " 已借出 ":" 未借出 ") +
                '}';
    }
}

1.2 然后我们可以建立一个书架，把我们的图书存放在里面。

package book;

public class BookList {
    //我们可以定义一个Book数组来充当BookList。
    private Book[] bookList = new Book[10];

    private int usedSize;//这代表此前书架上有几本书

    public BookList() {
        //先定义三本书。
        this.bookList[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",18,"小说");
        this.bookList[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",15,"小说");
        this.bookList[2] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",19,"小说");
        this.usedSize = 3;
    }

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }
    //把数放到pos位置。
    public void setBookList(int pos,Book book) {
        bookList[pos] = book;
    }
    //获取pos位置的书。
    public Book getBook(int pos) {
        return bookList[pos];
    }
    //这里本质是可以写 借阅书籍 等操作的；
}

2. 我们现在需要需要编写用户内容。

2.1 不管是管理员还是普通用户，首先，他是一个用户。

package user;

import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;

public abstract class User {
    //因为不管是管理员还是普通用户，以后都可以直接继承
    //不同包子类都可以用
    protected String name;

    protected IOperation[] iOperations;

    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract int menu();

    public void doOpreation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
        this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
    }
}

2.2 由于管理者和用户的界面不一样，我们现在要来分开写。

2.2.1 AdminUser

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class AdminUser extends User {
    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        //存储操作
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new DisplayOperation()
        };
    }

    public int  menu() {
        System.out.println("=============管理员菜单===============");
        System.out.println("hello "+this.name+" 欢迎来到图书小练习！");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.新增图书");
        System.out.println("3.删除图书");
        System.out.println("4.显示图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = sc.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

 2.2.2 NormalUser

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NormalUser extends User{
    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
                //每次调用构造方法的时候，成员都会被初始化好。
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()

        };
    }

    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("=============普通用户菜单===============");
        System.out.println("hello "+this.name+" 欢迎来到图书小练习！");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = sc.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

3. 我们现在要来实现内容。

3.1 新增书籍

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.model.wsdl.WSDLOutput;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOperation implements IOperation{

    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增图书!");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要新增的书籍的名字：");
        String name = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你要新增的书籍的作者：");
        String author = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你要新增的书籍的类型：");
        String type = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你要新增的书籍的价钱：");
        int price = sc.nextInt();

        Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);

        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();

        bookList.setBookList(currentSize,book);

        bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);//成功放入一本书！
        System.out.println("新增成功！");
    }
}

3.2 借阅图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation {
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借阅图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("输入你要借阅的书籍:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                book.setBorrowed(true);
                System.out.println("借阅成功,借阅书籍信息如下：");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("借阅失败，没有这本书！");
    }
}

3.3  删除图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除图书!");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书:");
        String name = sc.nextLine();
        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        int index = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
                index = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        //如果index == -1 说明没有这本书
        if (index == -1) {
            System.out.println("没有你要删除的图书！");
            return;
        }
        //这里开始删除
        for (int i = index; i < currentSize - 1; i++) {
            //bookList[i] = bookList[i+1];
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i + 1);
            bookList.setBookList(i, book);
        }
        bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize - 1);
    }
}

3.4 显示图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation {
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("显示图书!");
        int currenSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currenSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

3.5  查找图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation {
        public void work(BookList bookList) {
            System.out.println("查找图书!");
            Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
            System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书籍：");
            String name = sc.nextLine();
            int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
                if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                    System.out.println("找到了这本书");
                    System.out.println(book);
                    return;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("没有这本书！");
        }
}

3.6 归还图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("归还图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("输入你要归还的书籍:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                book.setBorrowed(false);
                System.out.println("归还成功,归还书籍信息如下：");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("归还失败，没有这本书！");
    }
}

3.7 退出系统

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

public class ExitOperation implements IOperation {
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        //这里可以手动对书架进行清空一次
        System.out.println("退出系统！");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

3.8 我们发现，所有内容的work的返回值都是(BookList bookList)，那么我们是否可以用接口来实现对work的定义呢？如下：

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

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以上就是图书管理系统的过程了，只是大致方法，具体还得细细体会。 

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结果：