.NET中的数据类型

一 String 

String的特性

  class  Program
     ... {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        ...{
            string a = "ABC";
            string b = "ABC";
            string c = new string(new char[] ...{ 'A', 'B', 'C'});
            string d = new string(new char[] ...{ 'A', 'B', 'C' });
            Console.WriteLine(a.GetHashCode());
            Console.WriteLine(b.GetHashCode());
            Console.WriteLine(c.GetHashCode());
            Console.WriteLine(d.GetHashCode());
            Console.WriteLine("a == b ? {0}", a == b);
            Console.WriteLine("(object)a == (object)b ? {0}", (object)a == (object)b);
            Console.WriteLine("c == d ? {0}", c == d);
            Console.WriteLine("(object)c == (object)d ? {0}", (object)c == (object)d);
            Console.WriteLine("a.Equals(b) ? {0}", a.Equals(b));
            Console.WriteLine("(object)a).Equals((object)b) ? {0}", ((object)a).Equals(((object)b)) );
            Console.WriteLine("c.Equals(d) ? {0}", c.Equals(d));
            Console.WriteLine("(object)c).Equals((object)d) ? {0}", ((object)c).Equals(((object)d)));

            Complex c1 = new Complex(3, 2);
            Complex c2 = new Complex(3, 2);
            Console.WriteLine(c1.GetHashCode());
            Console.WriteLine(c2.GetHashCode());
            Console.WriteLine("c1 == c2 ? {0}", c1 == c2);
            Console.WriteLine("c1.Equals(c2) ? {0}", c1.Equals(c2));
            Console.WriteLine("((object)c1).Equals(((object)c2)) ? {0}", ((object)c1).Equals(((object)c2)));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

     class  Complex : IEquatable < Complex >
     ... {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
        ...{
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        public double Module()
        ...{
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(this.real, 2) + Math.Pow(this.imaginary, 2));
        }
        public override string ToString()
        ...{
            return string.Format("{0} + {1}i", this.real, this.imaginary);
        }
        implement IEquatable  interface#region implement IEquatable<Complex> interface
        public new bool Equals(object other)
        ...{
            return Equals(other as Complex);
        }
        public bool Equals(Complex other)
        ...{
            if (other == null) return false;
            return (this.real == other.real && this.imaginary == other.imaginary);
        }
        #endregion
    }

 

1) CompareString 

  class  Program
     ... {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        ...{
            string a = "Bingosoft";
            string b = "bingoSOFT";
            bool flag;
            code here#region code here
            PrintCurrentTime();
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
                flag = (a.ToUpper() == b.ToUpper());
            PrintCurrentTime();

            PrintCurrentTime();
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
                string.Compare(a, b, true);
            PrintCurrentTime();
            #endregion

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        static void PrintCurrentTime()
        ...{
            DateTime currentTime = DateTime.Now;
            Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", currentTime.ToLongTimeString(), currentTime.Millisecond);
        }
    }

2)String和StringBuilder

   class  Program
     ... {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        ...{
            // System.String Object
            string a = "Bingosoft";
            string b = a;
           
            Console.WriteLine("a = b ? {0}", a.Equals(b)); // a 和 b 是否指向同一个对象？
            Console.WriteLine("a = {0} , b = {1}", a, b);
            a = a + " Microsoft";
            Console.WriteLine("a = b ? {0}", a.Equals(b)); // a 和 b 还是指向同一个对象吗？
            Console.WriteLine("a = {0} , b = {1}", a, b);
            // System.Text.StringBuilder Object
            StringBuilder c = new StringBuilder("Bingosoft");
            StringBuilder d = c;
            Console.WriteLine("c = d ? {0}", c.Equals(d)); // c 和 d 是否指向同一个对象？
            Console.WriteLine("c = {0} , d = {1}", c, d);
            c.Append(" Microsoft");
            Console.WriteLine("c = d ? {0}", c.Equals(d)); // c 和 d 还是指向同一个对象吗？
            Console.WriteLine("c = {0} , d = {1}", c, d);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

3)FormatString

class  Program
     ... {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        ...{
            Console.WriteLine(
                FormatString("company is {0}, id:{2}, employee is {1}",
                "Bingosoft",
                new Employee("qiuwh", "rd"),
                100)
                );
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        static string FormatString(string format, params object[] arg)
        ...{
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(format);
            for (int i = 0; i < arg.Length; i++)
            ...{
                builder.Replace("{" + i.ToString() + "}", arg[i].ToString());
            }
            return builder.ToString();
        }
    }
     class  Employee
     ... {
        public string Name;
        public string Dept;
        public Employee(string name, string dept)
        ...{
            this.Name = name;
            this.Dept = dept;
        }
        public override string ToString()
        ...{
            return string.Format("(Name:{0} Dept:{1})", this.Name, this.Dept);
        }
    }

二 Enum

class  Program
     ... {
        enum WeekDay ...{ Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday };
        [FlagsAttribute]
        enum Colors ...{ Red = 1, Yellow = 2, Blue = 4 };
        static void Main(string[] args)
        ...{
            WeekDay weekday = WeekDay.Friday;
            Console.WriteLine(weekday);
           
            Colors purple = Colors.Red | Colors.Blue;
            Colors orange = Colors.Red | Colors.Yellow;
            Colors green = Colors.Yellow | Colors.Blue;
            Console.WriteLine("purple is mixed with {0}", purple.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("orange is mixed with {0}", orange.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("green is mixed with {0}", green.ToString()); 
            
           
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

三 Structure

  class  Program
     ... {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        ...{
            // Structure Demo
            EmployeeStruct emp1 = new EmployeeStruct("Daniel", "R&D");
            EmployeeStruct emp2 = emp1;
            Console.WriteLine("--before change value--");
            Console.WriteLine("emp1 = " + emp1.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("emp2 = " + emp2.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine();
            emp2.Name = "Supersnake";
            emp2.Dept = "Dev2";
            Console.WriteLine("--after change value--");
            Console.WriteLine("emp1 = " + emp1.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("emp2 = " + emp2.ToString());
            // Class Demo
            EmployeeClass emp3 = new EmployeeClass("Daniel", "R&D");
            EmployeeClass emp4 = emp3;
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("--before change value--");
            Console.WriteLine("emp3 = " + emp3.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("emp4 = " + emp4.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine();
            emp4.Name = "Supersnake";
            emp4.Dept = "Dev2";
            Console.WriteLine("--after change value--");
            Console.WriteLine("emp3 = " + emp3.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("emp4 = " + emp4.ToString());
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
     //  Employee Structure
     public   struct  EmployeeStruct
     ... {
        private string _name;
        private string _dept;
        public EmployeeStruct(string name, string dept)
        ...{
            this._name = name;
            this._dept = dept;
        }
        public string Name
        ...{
            get ...{ return this._name; }
            set ...{ this._name = value; }
        }
        public string Dept
        ...{
            get ...{ return this._dept; }
            set ...{ this._dept = value; }
        }
        public override string ToString()
        ...{
           return string.Format("Name:{0}, Dept:{1}", this._name, this._dept);
        }
    }
   
   
     //  Employee Class
     public   class  EmployeeClass
     ... {
        private string _name;
        private string _dept;
        public EmployeeClass(string name, string dept)
        ...{
            this._name = name;
            this._dept = dept;
        }
        public string Name
        ...{
            get ...{ return this._name; }
            set ...{ this._name = value; }
        }
        public string Dept
        ...{
            get ...{ return this._dept; }
            set ...{ this._dept = value; }
        }
        public override string ToString()
        ...{
            return string.Format("Name:{0}, Dept:{1}", this._name, this._dept);
        }
    }

四  Params

class  Program
     ... {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        ...{
            UseParams(1);
            UseParams(1, 2, 3);
            UseParams(10, 30, 50, 70, 90);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        static void UseParams(params int[] list)
        ...{
            Console.WriteLine("input params is :");
            foreach (int i in list)
            ...{
                Console.WriteLine(i.ToString());
            }
        }
    }

五 Ref  VS. out

class  Program
     ... {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        ...{
            int i = 100;
            string s = "original";
            Employee emp1 = new Employee("qiuwh", "rd");
            Employee emp2 = new Employee("yuanlh", "rd");
           
            //ValMethod(i, s, emp1, emp2);
            // ref 使用前必须对变量赋值
            //RefMethod(ref i, ref s, ref emp1, ref emp2);
            // out 使用前不需要对变量赋值
            // 但进入out方法时，所有的变量都会被清空，而在退出out方法时，要求所有的out变量都要被赋值
            OutMethod(out i, out s, out emp1, out emp2);
            Console.WriteLine("i={0}, s={1}, emp1={2}, emp2={3}", i, s, emp1.ToString(), emp2.ToString());
            Console.ReadLine();           
        }
        static void ValMethod(int i, string s, Employee emp1, Employee emp2)
        ...{
            i = 200;
            s = "changed";
            emp1.Dept = "dev2";
            emp2 = new Employee("luoyq", "rd");
        }
        static void RefMethod(ref int i, ref string s, ref Employee emp1, ref Employee emp2)
        ...{
            i = 200;
            s = "changed";
            emp1.Dept = "dev2";
            emp2 = new Employee("luoyq", "rd");
        }
        static void OutMethod(out int i, out string s, out Employee emp1, out Employee emp2)
        ...{
            i = 200;
            s = "changed";
            emp1 = new Employee("new man", "rd");
            emp1.Dept = "dev2";
            emp2 = new Employee("luoyq", "rd");
        }
    }
     class  Employee
     ... {
        public string Name;
        public string Dept;
        public Employee(string name, string dept)
        ...{
            this.Name = name;
            this.Dept = dept;
        }
        public override string ToString()
        ...{
            return string.Format("Name:{0}, Dept:{1}", this.Name, this.Dept);
        }
    }

六 Ref VS. out Overload

class  Program
     ... {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        ...{
            int i = 1;
            SampleMethod(i);
            SampleMethod(ref i);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        static void SampleMethod(int i)
        ...{
            Console.WriteLine("SampleMethod (int i) called.");
        }
        static void SampleMethod(ref int i)
        ...{
            Console.WriteLine("SampleMethod (ref int i) called.");
        }
        //static void SampleMethod(out int i)
        //{
        //    Console.WriteLine("SampleMethod (out int i) called.");
        //}
    }