自学Python Day 15 : Lesson 41 & Lesson 42

Day 15

Lesson 41

面向对象：

class(类)：告诉python去创建一个新类型。 object(对象)：有两种意思，事物的基本类型，或者事物的实例化。 instance(实例)：你通过python创建一个类所获得的。 def：用来在类中定义一个函数。 self：在一个类包含的函数中，self是一个用来访问实例或对象的变量。 inheritance：概念，表示一个类可以继承另一个类的特征,就像你和你的父母。 composition：概念，表示一个类可以包含其他类,就像汽车轮子。 attribute：类所拥有的特性，通常是变量。 is-a：惯用语，表示一个东西继承自另一个东西(a),像在“鲑鱼”是“鱼”。 has-a：惯用语，表示由其他事情或有一个特征(a),如“鲑鱼有嘴。 – Learn_python_the_hard_way”

Lesson 42

这课只要一个概念弄清楚就好了

鱼是一个“类(class)”，三文鱼是一个“类(class)”，而一只叫Mary的鱼是一个“对象(object)”。

这里有一些练习 可以自己做一下～

首先针对类和对象，你需要学会两个说法，“is-a(是啥)”和“has-a(有啥)”。“是啥”要用在谈论“两者以类的关系互相关联”的时候，而“有啥”要用在“两者无共同点，仅是互为参照”的时候。

接下来，通读这段代码，将每一个注释为##?? 的位置标明他是“is-a”还是“has-a”的关系，并讲明白这个关系是什么。在代码的开始我还举了几个例子，所以你只要写剩下的就可以了。

记住，“是啥”指的是鱼和三文鱼的关系，而“有啥”指的是三文鱼和鳃的关系。-- Learn_python_the_hard_way

## Animal is-a object (yes, sort of confusing) look at the extra credit
class Animal(object):
    pass

## ??
class Dog(Animal):

    def __init__(self, name):
        ## ??
        self.name = name

## ??
class Cat(Animal):

    def __init__(self, name):
        ## ??
        self.name = name

## ??
class Person(object):

    def __init__(self, name):
        ## ??
        self.name = name

        ## Person has-a pet of some kind
        self.pet = None

## ??
class Employee(Person):

    def __init__(self, name, salary):
        ## ?? hmm what is this strange magic?
        super(Employee, self).__init__(name)
        ## ??
        self.salary = salary

## ??
class Fish(object):
    pass

## ??
class Salmon(Fish):
    pass

## ??
class Halibut(Fish):
    pass


## rover is-a Dog
rover = Dog("Rover")

## ??
satan = Cat("Satan")

## ??
mary = Person("Mary")

## ??
mary.pet = satan

## ??
frank = Employee("Frank", 120000)

## ??
frank.pet = rover

## ??
flipper = Fish()

## ??
crouse = Salmon()

## ??
harry = Halibut()

今日进度

Day 3

import sys
import time

def heartlost(heart) -> int:
    heart -= 1
    print("You lost one heart")
    if heart == 0:
        time.sleep(5)
        print("You have ran out of heart, too bad! Game over.")
        sys.exit()
    else:
        time.sleep(5)
        print("Be careful! You only have %d heart left!" % heart)
        return heart


def heartgain(heart):
    heart += 1
    print("You gain one heart!")
    time.sleep(5)
    print("You have %d heart now!" % heart)
    return heart


def forest(heart):
    print("You wake up and you find yourself in a dark dark forest.")
    time.sleep(5)
    print("You have two choices, 1. walk forward and try to find a road 2. try to find a flashlight")
    time.sleep(5)
    print("Please type 1 or 2:")
    c = input('>')
    if c == '1':
        print("You can't see anything, you accidentally step on a snack, it bite you and ran away")
        heart_now = heartlost(heart)
        heart = heart_now
        time.sleep(5)
        print("You talk forward some more, and see a little house, you knock on the door")
        house(heart)

    if c == '2':
        print("You knee down and try to see if there's anything on the ground, and, there's a flashlight!")
        time.sleep(5)
        print("You turn on the flashlight and see there's a little house in front")
        time.sleep(5)
        print("Will you knock on the door? 1. Yes 2. No")
        c = input('>')
        if c == '1':
            house(heart)
        else:
            walk(heart)


def house(heart):
    print("You peek through the window, the light is on")
    time.sleep(5)
    print("About a minute later, no one answer")
    time.sleep(5)
    print("Do you want to just open the door? 1. Yes, open it 2. No, I want to wait")
    c = input('>')
    if c == '1':
        time.sleep(5)
        print("There's someone behind the door, he yell at you and push you out of the house")
        time.sleep(5)
        print("You fell on the ground and hurt yourself")
        heart_now = heartlost(heart)
        heart = heart_now
        walk(heart)
    if c == '2':
        time.sleep(5)
        print("You wait another one minute, someone open the door, and ofer you some food")
        time.sleep(5)
        print("You eat it all and felt good!")
        time.reat(5)
        heart_now = heartgain(heart)
        heart = heart_now
        walk(heart)


def walk(heart):
    print("You decide to walk forward")
    time.rest(5)
    print("You saw some light in front of you. You can't wait to see what it is. You decided to 1. Run 2. Walk")
    c = input()
    if c=='1':
        time.rest(5)
        print("It's a long way to the light, you keep on running and running and... You're really tired")
        heart_now = heartlost(heart)
        heart = heart_now
    else:
        time.rest(5)
        print("You walk slowly to save energy, man, it's really a long way...")

forest(5)```