首先,添加framework:libsqlite3.0.dylib
需要在对应文件的头文件中加入:
#import "/usr/include/sqlite3.h" |
并在Frameworks中加入所需的库,否则会报错:
Undefined symbols: "_sqlite3_open", referenced from: |
加入库的方法是:
![image](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/54e1101aa6243bcfea0ddae21e8ec0f4.png)
选择sqlite库:
![image](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/c1732b9826acc1aba8f24bb24a5a2df1.png)
选择完的效果:
![image](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/2a83b52e99b9643861c4be847ea15796.png)
下面是代码:
- //sqlite
- [self openDataBase];
- //[self createTable];
- //[self insertTable];
- [self queryTable];
- [self deleteTable];
- [self queryTable];
实现:
- //open database
- - (void)openDataBase
- {
- NSArray *documentsPaths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory
- , NSUserDomainMask
- , YES);
- NSString *databaseFilePath=[[documentsPaths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"db.sql"];
- if (sqlite3_open([databaseFilePath UTF8String], &database)==SQLITE_OK)
- {
- NSLog(@"open sqlite db ok.");
- }
- else
- {
- NSLog( @"can not open sqlite db " );
- //close database
- sqlite3_close(database);
- }
- }
- //create table
- - (void)createTable
- {
- char *errorMsg;
- const char *createSql="create table if not exists persons (id integer primary key autoincrement,name text)";
- if (sqlite3_exec(database, createSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)
- {
- NSLog(@"create ok.");
- }
- else
- {
- NSLog( @"can not create table" );
- [self ErrorReport:(NSString *)createSql];
- }
- }
- //insert table
- - (void)insertTable
- {
- char *errorMsg;
- const char *insertSql="insert into persons (name) values ('田周辉')";
- if (sqlite3_exec(database, insertSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)
- {
- NSLog(@"insert ok.");
- }
- else
- {
- NSLog( @"can not insert it to table" );
- [self ErrorReport: (NSString *)insertSql];
- }
- }
- //error
- - (void)ErrorReport: (NSString *)item
- {
- char *errorMsg;
- if (sqlite3_exec(database, (const char *)item, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)
- {
- NSLog(@"%@ ok.",item);
- }
- else
- {
- NSLog(@"error: %s",errorMsg);
- sqlite3_free(errorMsg);
- }
- }
- //query table
- - (void)queryTable
- {
- const char *selectSql="select id,name from persons";
- sqlite3_stmt *statement;
- if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, selectSql, -1, &statement, nil)==SQLITE_OK)
- {
- NSLog(@"select ok.");
- while (sqlite3_step(statement)==SQLITE_ROW)//SQLITE_OK SQLITE_ROW
- {
- int _id=sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0);
- NSString *name=[[NSString alloc] initWithCString:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
- NSLog(@"row>>id %i, name>> %@",_id,name);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- //error
- [self ErrorReport: (NSString *)selectSql];
- }
- sqlite3_finalize(statement);
- }
- //delete table
- - (void)deleteTable
- {
- char *errorMsg;
- [self openDataBase];
- const char *sql = "DELETE FROM persons where id=24";
- if (sqlite3_exec(database, sql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)
- {
- NSLog(@"delete ok.");
- }
- else
- {
- NSLog( @"can not delete it" );
- [self ErrorReport: (NSString *)sql];
- }
- }
命令行:
- sqlite3 database //创建数据库
- crate table tableFile(id smallint, file_name varchar(256), up_state smallint, file_size smallint); //创建一个表格
- insert into tableFile values(1, "200110101.rcu", 100, 4500); //插入数据
- 5 如何访问SQLite3数据库
- sqlite3_open //打开数据库
- sqlite3_prepare //将UTF-8格式的SQL语句转换为指向已备语句的指针
- sqlite3_column_string //返回某一行的字符串
- sqlite3_finalize //删除一条已备语句
- sqlite3_close //关闭数据库
- 6 source code
- - (id)lookupSingularSQL:(NSString *)sql forType:(NSString *)rettype {
- sqlite3_stmt *statement;
- id result;
- if (statement = [self prepare:sql]) {
- if (sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_ROW) {
- if ([rettype compare:@"text"] == NSOrderedSame) {
- char temp_buf[256];
- memset(temp_buf, 0, 256);
- sprintf(temp_buf, "%s %s %s %s",
- (char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,0),
- (char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,1),
- (char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,2),
- (char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,3)
- );
- result = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:temp_buf];
- //result = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,0)];
- } else if ([rettype compare:@"integer"] == NSOrderedSame) {
- result = (id)sqlite3_column_int(statement,0);
- }
- }
- }
- sqlite3_finalize(statement);
- return result;
- }
应该有个成员变量,比如我的代码:
- @interface DetailViewController : UIViewController {
- UIPopoverController *popoverController;
- UIToolbar *toolbar;
- id detailItem;
- UILabel *detailDescriptionLabel;
- sqlite3 *database;
打开数据库
SQLite数据库是文件数据库,是保存在文件系统中的。因此需要知道文件保存到哪里,可参见iOS中对文件的操作。比如本文保存到Documents目录下。代码:
- NSArray *documentsPaths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory
- , NSUserDomainMask
- , YES);
- NSString *databaseFilePath=[[documentsPaths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mydb"];
- if (sqlite3_open([databaseFilePath UTF8String], &database)==SQLITE_OK) {
- NSLog(@"open sqlite db ok.");
- }
通过ssh查看Documents目录,发现mydb文件已经创建。sqlite的策略是如果有该文件就打开,如果没有就创建文件,也就是创建数据库。
这里要注意,使用的是C语法,sqlite3_open传入的是database的地址。
关闭数据库
数据库使用完毕后,要关闭,比如退出应用的时候:
- - (void)viewDidUnload {
- // Release any retained subviews of the main view.
- // e.g. self.myOutlet = nil;
- sqlite3_close(database);
- self.popoverController = nil;
- }
建表语句
数据库打开以后,如果没有表,建表:
- char *errorMsg;
- const char *createSql="create table if not exists persons (id integer primary key autoincrement,name text)";
- if (sqlite3_exec(database, createSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK) {
- NSLog(@"create ok.");
- }
这里要特别注意errorMsg传的是地址,因为该函数要通过地址引用来写报错字符信息。
向表中插入记录
和建表语句类似:
- const char *insertSql="insert into persons (name) values(‘张三’)";
- if (sqlite3_exec(database, insertSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK) {
- NSLog(@"insert ok.");
- }
错误信息的处理
如果在多个地方使用errorMsg,那么每次使用完毕要清空一下字串,比如这样:
- if (sqlite3_exec(database, createSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK) {
- NSLog(@"create ok.");
- }else {
- NSLog(@"error: %s",errorMsg);
- sqlite3_free(errorMsg);
- }
查询结果集
结果集的查询,需要用到statement:
- const char *selectSql="select id,name from persons";
- sqlite3_stmt *statement;
- if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, selectSql, -1, &statement, nil)==SQLITE_OK) {
- NSLog(@"select ok.");
- }
- while (sqlite3_step(statement)==SQLITE_ROW) {
- int _id=sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0);
- char *name=(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1);
- NSLog(@"row>>id %i, name %s",_id,name);
- }
- sqlite3_finalize(statement);
不过这里有个问题,看看打印的日志:
![image](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/c316c490c247eea553b0053e80ac80be.png)
乱码。因为直接用的char类型来做的。
解决办法是,用nsstring替代char:
- while (sqlite3_step(statement)==SQLITE_ROW) {
- int _id=sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0);
- NSString *name=[[NSString alloc] initWithCString:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
- NSLog(@"row>>id %i, name %@",_id,name);
- }
char生成nsstring的时候做一次显式的编码。问题解决:
![image](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/0ad9a260040d68600ecb348f10df6734.png)
这说明:
写入数据库,用char的方式没有问题,写入数据库的编码是对的;
从库中取出,可能默认使用ascii解码,造成显示乱码。
使用sqlite c api,要经常参考官方函数文档:http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/funclist.html